Reductions in malaria in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes following indoor residual spraying of insecticide in Uganda

Malaria Journal

Research

Atis Muehlenbachs¹  Moses R. Kamya²  Prasanna Jagannathan³  Diane V. Havlir³  Grant Dorsey³  Bryan Greenhouse³  Tamara D. Clark³  Michelle Roh³  Mary K. Muhindo⁴  Abel Kakuru⁴  Peter Olwoch⁴  Patience Nayebare⁴  Paul Natureeba⁴  John Ategeka⁴  Patricia Awori⁴  Betty Mpeka⁵ 

[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda;Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA;Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda;Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Phase II Project, Abt Associates, Inc, Kampala, Uganda;

关键词: Malaria in pregnancy;    Placental malaria;    Plasmodium falciparum;    Indoor residual spraying;    Vector-borne disease;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-016-1489-x

 received in 2016-08-04, accepted in 2016-08-10,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundIndoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) is a key intervention for reducing the burden of malaria in Africa. However, data on the impact of IRS on malaria in pregnancy and birth outcomes is limited.MethodsAn observational study was conducted within a trial of intermittent preventive therapy during pregnancy in Tororo, Uganda. Women were enrolled at 12–20 weeks of gestation between June and October 2014, provided with insecticide-treated bed nets, and followed through delivery. From December 2014 to February 2015, carbamate-containing IRS was implemented in Tororo district for the first time. Exact spray dates were collected for each household. The exposure of interest was the proportion of time during a woman’s pregnancy under protection of IRS, with three categories of protection defined: no IRS protection, >0–20 % IRS protection, and 20–43 % IRS protection. Outcomes assessed included malaria incidence and parasite prevalence during pregnancy, placental malaria, low birth weight (LBW), pre-term delivery, and fetal/neonatal deaths.ResultsOf 289 women followed, 134 had no IRS protection during pregnancy, 90 had >0–20 % IRS protection, and 65 had >20–43 % protection. During pregnancy, malaria incidence (0.49 vs 0.10 episodes ppy, P = 0.02) and parasite prevalence (20.0 vs 8.9 %, P < 0.001) were both significantly lower after IRS. At the time of delivery, the prevalence of placental parasitaemia was significantly higher in women with no IRS protection (16.8 %) compared to women with 0–20 % (1.1 %, P = 0.001) or >20–43 % IRS protection (1.6 %, P = 0.006). Compared to women with no IRS protection, those with >20–43 % IRS protection had a lower risk of LBW (20.9 vs 3.1 %, P = 0.002), pre-term birth (17.2 vs 1.5 %, P = 0.006), and fetal/neonatal deaths (7.5 vs 0 %, P = 0.03).ConclusionIn this setting, IRS was temporally associated with lower malaria parasite prevalence during pregnancy and at delivery, and improved birth outcomes. IRS may represent an important tool for combating malaria in pregnancy and for improving birth outcomes in malaria-endemic settings.Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials Identifier NCT02163447

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2016

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