Submicroscopic malaria infection during pregnancy and the impact of intermittent preventive treatment

Malaria Journal

Research

Phillip Thesing¹  Patricia Mawindo¹  Karl B Seydel²  Terrie E Taylor²  Sudhaunshu Joshi³  Sarah Boudova³  Lauren M Cohee³  Miriam K Laufer³  Steve Kamiza⁴  Kingsley Makwakwa⁴  Atis Muehlenbachs⁵  Rabia Mukadam⁶  Linda Kalilani-Phiri⁶ 

[1] Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA;Center for Vaccine Development, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;Department of Histopathology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;

关键词: Malaria in pregnancy;    Submicroscopic infection;    Placental malaria;    Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent preventive treatment;    Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-13-274

 received in 2014-05-16, accepted in 2014-07-10,  发布年份 2014

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundMalaria during pregnancy results in adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is the primary intervention aimed at reducing malaria infection during pregnancy. Although submicroscopic infection is common during pregnancy and at delivery, its impact throughout pregnancy on the development of placental malaria and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been clearly established.MethodsQuantitative PCR was used to detect submicroscopic infections in pregnant women enrolled in an observational study in Blantyre, Malawi to determine their effect on maternal, foetal and placental outcomes. The ability of SP to treat and prevent submicroscopic infections was also assessed.Results2,681 samples from 448 women were analysed and 95 submicroscopic infections were detected in 68 women, a rate of 0.6 episodes per person-year of follow-up. Submicroscopic infections were most often detected at enrolment. The majority of women with submicroscopic infections did not have a microscopically detectable infection detected during pregnancy. Submicroscopic infection was associated with placental malaria even after controlling for microscopically detectable infection and was associated with decreased maternal haemoglobin at the time of detection. However, submicroscopic infection was not associated with adverse maternal or foetal outcomes at delivery. One-third of women with evidence of placental malaria did not have documented peripheral infection during pregnancy. SP was moderately effective in treating submicroscopic infections, but did not prevent the development of new submicroscopic infections in the month after administration.ConclusionsSubmicroscopic malaria infection is common and occurs early in pregnancy. SP-IPT can clear some submicroscopic infections but does not prevent new infections after administration. To effectively control pregnancy-associated malaria, new interventions are required to target women prior to their first antenatal care visit and to effectively treat and prevent all malaria infections.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Cohee et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014