PLoS Pathogens | |
Pneumolysin Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Promotes Proinflammatory Cytokines Independently of TLR4 | |
Áine Burke1  Andres Mori1  Ed C. Lavelle1  Edel A. McNeela1  Cathy Baxter1  Jurg Tschopp2  Virginie Pétrilli2  Sarah Smeaton3  Vitor E. Fernandes3  Rana El-Rachkidy3  Aras Kadioglu3  Daniela Ferreira3  Peter W. Andrew3  Daniel R. Neill3  Katherine A. Fitzgerald4  Barry Moran5  Rachel M. McLoughlin5  | |
[1] Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland;Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom;Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America;School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland | |
关键词: Secretion; Cytokines; Pneumococcus; T cells; Toxins; Inflammasomes; Respiratory infections; Pneumonia; | |
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001191 | |
学科分类:生物科学(综合) | |
来源: Public Library of Science | |
【 摘 要 】
Pneumolysin (PLY) is a key Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor and potential candidate for inclusion in pneumococcal subunit vaccines. Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the initiation and instruction of adaptive immunity, but the effects of PLY on DC have not been widely investigated. Endotoxin-free PLY enhanced costimulatory molecule expression on DC but did not induce cytokine secretion. These effects have functional significance as adoptive transfer of DC exposed to PLY and antigen resulted in stronger antigen-specific T cell proliferation than transfer of DC exposed to antigen alone. PLY synergized with TLR agonists to enhance secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1α and TNF-α by DC and enhanced cytokines including IL-17A and IFN-γ by splenocytes. PLY-induced DC maturation and cytokine secretion by DC and splenocytes was TLR4-independent. Both IL-17A and IFN-γ are required for protective immunity to pneumococcal infection and intranasal infection of mice with PLY-deficient pneumococci induced significantly less IFN-γ and IL-17A in the lungs compared to infection with wild-type bacteria. IL-1β plays a key role in promoting IL-17A and was previously shown to mediate protection against pneumococcal infection. The enhancement of IL-1β secretion by whole live S. pneumoniae and by PLY in DC required NLRP3, identifying PLY as a novel NLRP3 inflammasome activator. Furthermore, NLRP3 was required for protective immunity against respiratory infection with S. pneumoniae. These results add significantly to our understanding of the interactions between PLY and the immune system.
【 授权许可】
CC BY
【 预 览 】
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