Optimization of a therapeutic electromagnetic field (EMF) to retard breast cancer tumor growth and vascularity

Cancer Cell International

W Elaine Hardman¹  Marko S Markov²  Ivan L Cameron³ 

[1] Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Dr., Huntington 25755, West Virginia;Research International, Williamsville 14221, New York, USA;Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio 78229, Texas, USA

关键词: Endothelial cell marker (CD31);    Immunohistochemical;    Angiogenesis;    Breast cancer;    Electromagnetic field (EMF);   

Others  :  1121612
DOI  :  10.1186/s12935-014-0125-5

 received in 2014-04-09, accepted in 2014-11-08,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

This study provided additional data on the effects of a therapeutic electromagnetic field (EMF) device on growth and vascularization of murine 16/C mammary adenocarcinoma cells implanted in C3H/HeJ mice.

Methods

The therapeutic EMF device generated a defined 120 Hz semi sine wave pulse signal of variable intensity. Murine 16/C mammary adenocarcinoma tumor fragments were implanted subcutaneously between the scapulae of syngeneic C3H mice. Once the tumor grew to 100 mm³, daily EMF treatments were started by placing the cage of mice within the EMF field. Treatment ranged from 10 to 20 milli-Tesla (mT) and was given for 3 to 80 minutes either once or twice a day for 12 days. Tumors were measured and volumes calculated each 3–4 days.

Results

Therapeutic EMF treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in all 7 EMF treated groups. Exposure to 20mT for 10 minutes twice a day was the most effective tumor growth suppressor. The effect of EMF treatment on extent of tumor vascularization, necrosis and viable area was determined after euthanasia. The EMF reduced the vascular (CD31 immunohistochemically positive) volume fraction and increased the necrotic volume of the tumor. Treatment with 15 mT for 10 min/d gave the maximum anti-angiogenic effect. Lack of a significant correlation between tumor CD 31 positive area and tumor growth rate indicates a mechanism for suppression of tumor growth in addition to suppression of tumor vascularization.

Conclusion

It is proposed that EMF therapy aimed at suppression of tumor growth and vascularization may prove a safe alternative for patients whether they are or are not candidates for conventional cancer therapy.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Cameron et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Cameron IL, Sun LZ, Short N, Hardman WE, Williams CD: Therapeutic Electromagnetic Field (TEMF) and gamma irradiation on human breast cancer xenograft growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2005, 5:23. BioMed Central Full Text
• [2]Williams CD, Markov MS, Hardman WE, Cameron IL: Therapeutic electromagnetic field effects on angiogenesis and tumor growth. Anticancer Res 2001, 21:3887-3891.
• [3]Markov MS: Expanding use of pulsed electromagnetic field therapies. Electromagn Biol Med 2007, 26:257-274.
• [4]Hu JH, St-Pierre LS, Buckner CA, Lafrenie RM, Persinger MA: Growth of injected melanoma cells is suppressed by whole body exposure to specific spatial-temporal configurations of weak intensity magnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2010, 86:79-88.
• [5]Wen J, Jiang S, Chen B: The effect of 100 Hz magnetic field combined with X-ray on hepatoma-implanted mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2011, 32:322-324.
• [6]Tofani S, Cintorino M, Barone D, Berardelli M, De Santi MM, Ferrara A, Orlassino R, Ossola P, Rolfo K, Ronchetto F, Tripodi SA, Tosi P: Increased mouse survival, tumor growth inhibition and decreased immunoreactive p53 after exposure to magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2002, 23:230-238.
• [7]Bellossi A, Desplaces A: Effect of a 9 mT pulsed magnetic field on C3H/Bi female mice with mammary carcinoma. A comparison between the 12 Hz and the 460 Hz frequencies. In Vivo 1991, 5:39-40.
• [8]Berg H, Gunther B, Hilger I, Radeva M, Traitcheva N, Wollweber L: Bioelectromagnetic field effects on cancer cells and mice tumors. Electromagn Biol Med 2010, 29:132-143.
• [9]de SR, Tuffet S, Moreau JM, Veyret B: Effects of 100 mT time varying magnetic fields on the growth of tumors in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2000, 21:107-111.
• [10]Tatarov I, Panda A, Petkov D, Kolappaswamy K, Thompson K, Kavirayani A, Lipsky MM, Elson E, Davis CC, Martin SS, DeTolla LJ: Effect of magnetic fields on tumor growth and viability. Comp Med 2011, 61:339-345.
• [11]Zhang X, Zhang H, Zheng C, Li C, Zhang X, Xiong W: Extremely low frequency (ELF) pulsed-gradient magnetic fields inhibit malignant tumour growth at different biological levels. Cell Biol Int 2002, 26:599-603.
• [12]Tofani S, Barone D, Berardelli M, Berno E, Cintorino M, Foglia L, Ossola P, Ronchetto F, Toso E, Eandi M: Static and ELF magnetic fields enhance the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of cis-platin against lewis lung carcinoma, but not of cyclophosphamide against B16 melanotic melanoma. Pharmacol Res 2003, 48:83-90.
• [13]Yamaguchi S, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Sekino M, Ueno S: Effects of pulsed magnetic stimulation on tumor development and immune functions in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2006, 27:64-72.
• [14]Cameron IL, Short N, Sun L, Hardman WE: Endothelial cell pseudopods and angiogenesis of breast cancer tumors. Cancer Cell Int 2005, 5:17. BioMed Central Full Text
• [15]Hannan CJ Jr, Liang Y, Allison JD, Pantazis CG, Searle JR: Chemotherapy of human carcinoma xenografts during pulsed magnetic field exposure. Anticancer Res 1994, 14:1521-1524.
• [16]Salvatore J, Markov M: Electromagnetic Fields as an Adjuvant Therapy to Antineoplastic Chemotherapy. In Bioelectromagnetic Medicine. Edited by Rosch P, Markov MS. CRC Pr I Llc/Taylor & Francis, NY; 2004:613-624.