Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients under and over 40 years: a case–control study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Heloísa Ramos Lacerda⁴  Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes¹  Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos¹  Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão Albuquerque²  Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho¹  Josefina Claudia Zírpoli³  Valéria Maria Gonçalves Albuquerque⁴ 

[1] Postgraduate in Medical Science, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;NESC Department, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil;Department of Tropical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

关键词: Atherosclerosis;    Risk factors;    HIV;   

Others  :  1147841
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-13-274

 received in 2012-06-03, accepted in 2013-06-14,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in people with AIDS. Factors contributing to atherosclerosis include traditional risk factors, antiretrovirals and inflammatory factors related to HIV infection. This study set out to compare risk factors associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in individuals under and over 40 years of age.

Methods

Case–control study with 697 HIV/AIDS individuals without HAART or who remain on their first antiretroviral regimen. Of the total, 351 individuals under 40 years and 346 over 40 years were analyzed separately. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid intima-media thickness, using B-mode ultrasound. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to find predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in the entire group. Subsequent analysis excluded patients with major risk factors for CVD. Magnitudes of associations were expressed by odds ratio (OR) statistical significance, using a 95% confidence interval and p-value <0.05.

Results

In the <40 years group subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with male gender (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.43–5.34), nonwhite race (OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.23-6.53), obesity (OR: 5.13, 95% CI: 1.79–14.7) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.44–7.58). In the group ≥40 years predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis were overweight and obesity (OR = 2.53, 95% CI, 0.85–7.54), current CD4 ≥350 cells/mL (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.22–6.47) and NNRTI use ≥ 5 years (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.10-6.37) or PI use >5 years (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.38-8.59). In the multivariate model excluding patients with major risk factors for CVD, age, male sex and nonwhite race were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the <40 y group, while in the ≥40 y group, age, HIV viral load >10,000 copies and the use of NNRTI (OR: 7.60, 95% CI: 1.61-35.8) or PI ≥5 years (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 0.48-26.8) were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Conclusions

In young people the fight against obesity and metabolic syndrome is the main aim in the prevention of CVD. In individuals aged ≥40 y, the prevention of obesity is also of great importance. Moreover, the effects of uncontrolled viremia and the prolonged use of HAART appear to be more harmful in the older group.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Albuquerque et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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