In this context, the overall purpose ofthis review is to bring attention to the opportunities thatfive countries in the region - Bangladesh, India, Nepal,Pakistan and Sri Lanka - have to strengthen and expandinterventions to improve the reproductive health of poorwomen. The specific objectives are: i) to provide anaccurate picture of the current status of women'sreproductive health, describe the use of reproductive healthservices and barriers to use, and identify the improvementsrequired to increase their effectiveness and improve healthoutcomes; ii) to elucidate individual and householdcharacteristics that affect reproductive health status anduse of services so that the most important of these can beused to identify women and households with the greatest needfor care to achieve better health; iii) to describe a simpleand effective approach - decentralized action planning -that can be used widely in all five countries to improvereproductive health service delivery and outcomes, and pointto a body of best practices in reproductive health thatprovides models and lessons for improvements in South Asia;and iv) to strengthen the case for investing in poorwomen's reproductive health by demonstrating the linksbetween poverty, inequality, reproductive health care and expenditure.