This report is part of a global set ofWater, Sanitation, and Hygiene for All (WASH) diagnosticscarried out in countries where WASH services for the poorare deficient and where their might be institutionalconstraints to improving coverage and services. The Republicof Yemen is an important case because it has an active armedconflict, a plausible increase in poverty over the lastdecade, and the weakest performance on WASH-relatedindicators in the region. Analyzing the situation in theRepublic of Yemen is significant yet difficult due to thecountry’s political turmoil since 2011, and, since 2014, theviolent and destructive armed conflict. Advances in WASHprovision made over the last decade been halted, and thewholesale physical destruction, institutional degradation,and movement of internally displaced people (IDPs) havecontributed to an alarming deterioration in WASH services(DAS 2016). The goal of this report is to develop a betterunderstanding of: (a) poverty in the Republic of Yemen; (b)the levels of WASH access and service delivery; and (c) theinstitutional (and to some extent political and economic)constraints to WASH delivery in the Republic of Yemen,recognizing that this is mostly a pre-conflict analysis. Thereport also provides pointers for how WASH strategies andinvestments may be recalibrated in the post-conflict periodto assist both short-term recovery and medium-termstructured development, and how short- and medium-termstrategies may fit into a long-term vision of universalaccess to safe water and sanitation. These suggestions aregiven with priority to the poor, and noting the country’sextreme water scarcity. The diagnostic utilizes theHousehold Budget Survey (HBS) of 2005/06 and 2014, which arenationally representative household surveys (WHO/UNICEF2014). The HBS data contain information on the householdroster, activities, dwelling conditions, health, education,anthropometrics, income, durable goods, and consumption. Inaddition, the National Health and Demographic Survey 2013complements HBS datasets and is also used. With regard tothe institutional analyses, the diagnostic relies on alargely desk based analysis to identify core problem areasfor further investigation and desk-based mapping ofstructures and relationships to identify a set of priorityproblems. It relies onthe availability of relevant data andsecondary literature. Therefore, this diagnostic generateshypotheses to be further tested and indicates areas forfurther analysis. Further, given the conflict in theRepublic of Yemen, the diagnostic focuses on short-termsector reconstruction efforts than on longer terminstitutional reform, although the latter is important giventhe extreme water security situation in the Republic ofYemen, and therefore remains within the report’s line of sight.
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