The Association for the Development ofEducation in Africa (ADEA) was established by the World Bankin 1988 in response to an influential policy paper issuedthe previous year on education in sub-Saharan Africa,education in Sub-Saharan Africa: policies for adjustment,revitalization, and expansion. Originally the associationwas created as an informal network of development agenciesin Africa (Donors to African Education, DAE) having aninformal secretariat at the World Bank, but by 1994 (whenits principles of association were formalized) it grew intoa professional association of both development agencies andAfrican ministries of education. In a further evolution, in1997 it changed its name to the ADEA. This Regional ProgramReview (RPR) assesses the quality and independence of the2005 evaluation of ADEA, provides a second opinion on theeffectiveness of the program, assesses the performance ofthe Bank as a partner in the program, and draws lessons forthe future operation of the program. Independent EvaluationGroup (IEG) chose ADEA for an RPR because of the importanceof the sector in the Bank's mission of povertyreduction, because IEG has done relatively few reviews ofregional programs, and because IEG had not conducted aglobal or regional program review in the field of education before.