The super-learning hypothesis: Integrating learning processes across cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS

卷:100

Review

Caligiore, Daniele¹  Arbib, Michael A.²  Miall, R. Chris³  Baldassarre, Gianluca¹ 

[1] CNR, Inst Cognit Sci & Technol, Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[2] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[3] Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

关键词: Cortex;    Cerebellum;    Basal ganglia;    Unsupervised learning;    Supervised learning;    Reinforcement learning;    Super-learning;    Interplay between learning mechanisms;    System-level neuroscience;    Cortical-subcortical hierarchies;    Neuromodulation;    Dopamine;    Serotonin;    Noradrenaline;    Acetylcholine;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.008

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Despite wide evidence suggesting anatomical and functional interactions between cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia, the learning processes operating within them -often viewed as respectively unsupervised, supervised and reinforcement learning- are studied in isolation, neglecting their strong interdependence. We discuss how those brain areas form a highly integrated system combining different learning mechanisms into an effective super-learning process supporting the acquisition of flexible motor behaviour. The term super-learning does not indicate a new learning paradigm. Rather, it refers to the fact that different learning mechanisms act in synergy as they: (a) affect neural structures often relying on the widespread action of neuromodulators; (b) act within various stages of cortical/subcortical pathways that are organised in pipeline to support multiple sensation-toaction mappings operating at different levels of abstraction; (c) interact through the reciprocal influence of the output compartments of different brain structures, most notably in the cerebello-cortical and basal ganglia-cortical loops. Here we articulate this new hypothesis and discuss empirical evidence supporting it by specifically referring to motor adaptation and sequence learning.

【 授权许可】

Free