A brief history of climate - the northern seas from the Last Glacial Maximum to global warming

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS

卷:106

Article

Eldevik, Tor^1,2,3  Risebrobakken, Bjorg²  Bjune, Anne E.²  Andersson, Carin²  Birks, H. John B.^2,4,8,9  Dokken, Trond M.²  Drange, Helge^1,2,3  Glessmer, Mirjam S.^1,2,3  Li, Camille^1,3  Nilsen, Jan Even O.^2,5  Ottera, Odd Helge²  Richter, Kristin⁶  Skagseth, Oystein^2,7 

[1] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway

[2] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway

[3] Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway

[4] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway

[5] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway

[6] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

[7] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway

[8] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, London, England

[9] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England

关键词: LGM-to-future;    North Atlantic, Nordic seas, and Arctic;    Climate;    Marine;    Terrestrial;    Reconstruction;    Observations;    Climate model;    Temperature;    Thermohaline circulation;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.028

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The understanding of climate and climate change is fundamentally concerned with two things: a well-defined and sufficiently complete climate record to be explained, for example of observed temperature, and a relevant mechanistic framework for making closed and consistent inferences concerning cause-and-effect. This is the case for understanding observed climate, as it is the case for historical climate as reconstructed from proxy data and future climate as projected by models. The present study offers a holistic description of northern maritime climate from the Last Glacial Maximum through to the projected global warming of the 21st century in this context. It includes the compilation of the most complete temperature record for Norway and the Norwegian Sea to date based on the synthesis of available terrestrial and marine paleoclimate reconstructions into continuous times series, and their continuation into modern and future climate with the instrumental record and a model projection. The scientific literature on a variable northern climate is reviewed against this background, and with a particular emphasis on the role of the Norwegian Atlantic Current the Gulf Stream's extension towards the Arctic. This includes the introduction of an explicit and relatively simple diagnostic relation to quantify the change in ocean circulation consistent with reconstructed ocean temperatures. It is found that maritime climate and the strength of the Norwegian Atlantic Current are closely related throughout the record. The nature of the relation is however qualitatively different as one progresses from the past, through the present, and into the future. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

【 授权许可】

Free