Assessing the photochemical transformation pathways of acetaminophen relevant to surface waters: Transformation kinetics, intermediates, and modelling

WATER RESEARCH

卷:53

Article

De Laurentiis, Elisa¹  Prasse, Carsten²  Ternes, Thomas A.²  Minella, Marco¹  Maurino, Valter¹  Minero, Claudio¹  Sarakha, Mohamed^3,4  Brigante, Marcello^3,4  Vione, Davide^1,5 

[1] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[2] Fed Inst Hydrol BfG, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany

[3] Clermont Univ, Univ Blaise Pascal, Inst Chim Clermont Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France

[4] CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France

[5] Univ Turin, Ctr Interdipartimentale NatRisk, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy

关键词: Acetaminophen;    Paracetamol;    Acetyl-para-aminophenol;    Direct and sensitised photolysis;    Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs);    Surface-water photochemistry;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.016

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

This work shows that the main photochemical pathways of acetaminophen (APAP) transformation in surface waters would be direct photolysis (with quantum yield of (4.57 +/- 0.17).10(-2)), reaction with CO3- (most significant at pH > 7, with second-order rate constant of (3.8 +/- 1.1).10(8) M-1 s(-1)) and possibly, for dissolved organic carbon higher than 5 mg C L-1, reaction with the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter ((CDOM)-C-3*). The modelled photochemical half-life time of APAP in environmental waters would range from days to few weeks in summertime, which suggests that the importance of phototransformation might be comparable to biodegradation. APAP transformation by the main photochemical pathways yields hydroxylated derivatives, ring-opening compounds as well as dimers and trimers (at elevated concentration levels). In the case of (CDOM)-C-3* (for which the triplet state of anthraquinone-2-sulphonate was used as proxy), ring rearrangement is also hypothesised. Photochemistry would produce different transformation products (TPs) of APAP than microbial biodegradation or human metabolism, thus the relevant TPs might be used as markers of APAP photochemical reaction pathways in environmental waters. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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