Randomized trial of primaquine hypnozoitocidal efficacy when administered with artemisinin-combined blood schizontocides for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax in Indonesia

BMC Medicine

Research Article

Herawati Sudoyo¹  Rintis Noviyanti¹  W. Robert Taylor²  Lenny L. Ekawati²  Krisin Chand²  Tyas Ekasari²  Decy Subekti²  Iqbal Elyazar²  Hasan Basri²  J. Kevin Baird³  Erni J. Nelwan⁴  Inge Sutanto⁴  Rianto Setiabudy⁴  Dwi Djoko⁵  Bagus Tjahjono⁵  Stephan Duparc⁶ 

[1] Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jalan Diponegoro No. 69, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia;Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jalan Diponegoro No. 69, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia;Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jalan Diponegoro No. 69, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia;The Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FZ, Oxford, UK;Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 6, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia;Health Services, Army of the Republic of Indonesia, Jalan Letjen Soetoyo, 13640, Jakarta, Indonesia;Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, 1215, Meyrin, Switzerland;

关键词: Malaria;    Plasmodium vivax;    Relapse;    Primaquine;    Efficacy;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12916-015-0535-9

 received in 2015-10-06, accepted in 2015-11-25,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundSafety and efficacy of primaquine against repeated attacks of Plasmodium vivax depends upon co-administered blood schizontocidal therapy in radical cure. We assessed primaquine (PQ) as hypnozoitocide when administered with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Eurartesim®, DHA-PP) or artesunate-pyronaridine (Pyramax®, AS-PYR) to affirm its good tolerability and efficacy. A third arm, artesunate followed by primaquine, was not intended as therapy for practice, but addressed a hypothesis concerning primaquine efficacy without co-administration of blood schizontocide.MethodsDuring March to July 2013, an open-label, randomized trial enrolled Indonesian soldiers with vivax malaria at Sragen, Central Java, after six months duty in malarious Papua, Indonesia. No malaria transmission occurred at the study site and P. vivax recurrences in the 12 months following therapy were classified as relapses. A historic relapse control derived from a cohort of soldiers who served in the same area of Papua was applied to estimate risk of relapse among randomized treatment groups. Those were: 1) AS followed 2d later by PQ (0.5 mg/kg daily for 14d); 2) co-formulated AS-PYR concurrent with the same regimen of PQ; or 3) co-formulated DHA-PP concurrent with the same regimen of PQ.ResultsAmong 532 soldiers, 219 had vivax malaria during the four months following repatriation to Java; 180 of these were otherwise healthy and G6PD-normal and enrolled in the trial. Subjects in all treatment groups tolerated the therapies well without untoward events and cleared parasitemia within three days. First relapse appeared at day 39 post-enrollment, and the last at day 270. Therapeutic efficacy of PQ against relapse by incidence density analysis was 92 % (95 %CI = 83–97 %), 94 %(95 %CI = 86–97 %), and 95 %(95 %CI = 88–98 %) when combined with AS, AS-PYR, or DHA-PP, respectively.ConclusionsThis trial offers evidence of good tolerability and efficacy of PQ against P. vivax relapse when administered concurrently with DHA-PP or AS-PYR. These offer alternative partner drugs for radical cure with primaquine. The AS arm demonstrated efficacy with a total dose of 7 mg/kg PQ without concurrently administered blood schizontocide, another option when primaquine therapy is removed in time from the treatment of the acute malaria or applied presumptively without an attack.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN82366390, assigned 20 March 2013.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Nelwan et al. 2015