Methemoglobin and nitric oxide therapy in Ugandan children hospitalized for febrile illness: results from a prospective cohort study and randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

BMC Pediatrics

Research Article

W. Conrad Liles¹  Robert O. Opoka²  Chandy C. John³  Sophie Namasopo⁴  Christopher Miller⁵  Laura Hermann⁶  Andrea L. Conroy⁷  Kyla Hayford⁷  Kevin C. Kain⁸  Michael Hawkes⁹  Suparna Sharma^1,10  Chloe R. McDonald^1,11 

[1] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;Department of Pediatrics, Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Jinja, Uganda;Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;Depatment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Depatment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Depatment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;MaRS Centre, TMDT, 10th floor 10-351, M5G1L7, Toronto, ON, Canada;Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;

关键词: Pediatrics;    Methemoglobin;    Inhaled nitric oxide;    Malaria;    Anemia;    Metabolic acidosis;    Oxygen delivery;    Fever;    Uganda;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12887-016-0719-2

 received in 2015-08-12, accepted in 2016-10-25,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundExposure of red blood cells to oxidants increases production of methemoglobin (MHb) resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. There are no reliable estimates of methemoglobinemia in low resource clinical settings. Our objectives were to: i) evaluate risk factors for methemoglobinemia in Ugandan children hospitalized with fever (study 1); and ii) investigate MHb responses in critically ill Ugandan children with severe malaria treated with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), an oxidant that induces MHb in a dose-dependent manner (study 2).MethodsTwo prospective studies were conducted at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda between 2011 and 2013. Study 1, a prospective cohort study of children admitted to hospital with fever (fever cohort, n = 2089 children 2 months to 5 years). Study 2, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel arm trial of room air placebo vs. 80 ppm iNO as an adjunctive therapy for children with severe malaria (RCT, n = 180 children 1–10 years receiving intravenous artesunate and 72 h of study gas). The primary outcomes were: i) masimo pulse co-oximetry elevated MHb levels at admission (>2 %, fever cohort); ii) four hourly MHb levels in the RCT.ResultsIn the fever cohort, 34 % of children admitted with fever had elevated MHb at admission. Children with a history of vomiting, delayed capillary refill, elevated lactate, severe anemia, malaria, or hemoglobinopathies had increased odds of methemoglobinemia (p < 0.05 in a multivariate model). MHb levels at admission were higher in children who died (n = 89) compared to those who survived (n = 1964), p = 0.008. Among children enrolled in the iNO RCT, MHb levels typically plateaued within 12–24 h of starting study gas. MHb levels were higher in children receiving iNO compared to placebo, and MHb > 10 % occurred in 5.7 % of children receiving iNO. There were no differences in rates of study gas discontinuation between trial arms.ConclusionsHospitalized children with evidence of impaired oxygen delivery, metabolic acidosis, anemia, or malaria were at risk of methemoglobinemia. However, we demonstrated high-dose iNO could be safely administered to critically ill children with severe malaria with appropriate MHb monitoring.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01255215 (Date registered: December 5, 2010).

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2016