Antibody induction and immune response in nasal cavity by third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

Virology Journal

Research

Yutaka Suzuki¹  Taketoshi Mizutani¹  Takeya Tsutsumi²  Aya Ishizaka³  Michiko Koga³  Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi⁴  Shinya Yamamoto⁵  Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto⁶  Seiya Yamayoshi⁷  Masaki Imai⁷  Ryuta Uraki⁷  Yoshihiro Kawaoka⁸ 

[1] Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa 277, 8562, Chiba, Japan;Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan;Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan;Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA;Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    COVID-19;    Microbiota;    Commensal bacteria;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12985-023-02113-z

 received in 2023-03-23, accepted in 2023-07-03,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe mucosa serves as the first defence against pathogens and facilitates the surveillance and elimination of symbiotic bacteria by mucosal immunity. Recently, the mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to induce secretory antibodies in the oral and nasal cavities in addition to a systemic immune response. However, the mechanism of induced immune stimulation effect on mucosal immunity and commensal bacteria profile remains unclear.MethodsHere, we longitudinally analysed the changing nasal microbiota and both systemic and nasal immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and evaluated how mRNA vaccination influenced nasal microbiota in 18 healthy participants who had received the third BNT162b.ResultsThe nasal S-RBD IgG level correlated significantly with plasma IgG levels until 1 month and the levels were sustained for 3 months post-vaccination. In contrast, nasal S-RBD IgA induction peaked at 1 month, albeit slightly, and correlated only with plasma IgA, but the induction level decreased markedly at 3 months post-vaccination. 16 S rRNA sequencing of the nasal microbiota post-vaccination revealed not an overall change, but a decrease in certain opportunistic bacteria, mainly Fusobacterium. The decrease in these bacteria was more pronounced in those who exhibited nasal S-RBD IgA induction, and those with higher S-RBD IgA induction had lower relative amounts of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas pre-vaccination. In addition, plasma and mucosal S-RBD IgG levels correlated with decreased commensal pathogens such as Finegoldia.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induced S-RBD antibodies in the nasal mucosa and may have stimulated mucosal immunity against opportunistic bacterial pathogens. This effect, albeit probably secondary, may be considered one of the benefits of mRNA vaccination. Furthermore, our data suggest that a cooperative function of mucosal and systemic immunity in the reduction of bacteria and provides a better understanding of the symbiotic relationship between the host and bacteria in the nasal mucosa.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023. corrected publication 2023

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

12888_2023_5012_Article_IEq5.gif