Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Quality in Older Individuals: A Systematic Scoping Review with Meta-Analyses

Sports Medicine - Open

Systematic Review

Martijn van Haren¹  Tibor Hortobágyi²  Jennifer S. Brach³  Urs Granacher⁴  Pedro Lopez⁵  Regis Radaelli⁶  Krystof Volesky⁷  Tomas Vetrovsky⁷ 

[1] Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands;Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary;Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary;Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary;Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands;Institute of Sport Research, Sports University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania;Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia;School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia;Faculty of Human Kinetics, CIPER, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal;Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;

关键词: Aging;    Neurological disease;    Resistance training;    Muscle mass;    Intramuscular fat;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40798-023-00585-5

 received in 2022-11-21, accepted in 2023-05-21,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe quantity and quality of skeletal muscle are important determinants of daily function and metabolic health. Various forms of physical exercise can improve muscle function, but this effect can be inconsistent and has not been systematically examined across the health-neurological disease continuum. The purpose of this systematic scoping review with meta-analyses was to determine the effects and potential moderators of exercise training on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MMQ, NMQ) in healthy older individuals. In addition and in the form of a scoping review, we examined the effects of exercise training on NMQ and MMQ in individuals with neurological conditions.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included that examined the effects of exercise training onmuscle quality (MQ) in older individuals with and without neurological conditions. Risk of bias and study quality were assessed (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0). We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested moderators using the approximate Hotelling–Zhang test.ResultsThirty studies (n = 1494, 34% females) in healthy older individuals and no studies in individuals with neurological conditions were eligible for inclusion. Exercise training had small effects on MMQ (g = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.40, p = 0.029). Heterogeneity was low (median I2 = 16%). Training and demographic variables did not moderate the effects of exercise on MMQ. There was no association between changes in MMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training improved NMQ (g = 0.68, 95% CI 0.35–1.01, p < 0.000) across all studies, in particular in higher-functioning older individuals (g = 0.72, 95% CI 0.38–1.06, p < 0.001), in lower extremity muscles (g = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35–1.13, p = 0.001), and after resistance training (g = 0.91; 95% CI 0.42–1.41, p = 0.001). Heterogeneity was very high (median I2 = 79%). Of the training and demographic variables, only resistance training moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ. High- versus low-intensity exercise moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ, but these effects were considered unreliable due to a low number of studies at high intensity. There was no association between changes in NMQ and changes in functional outcomes.ConclusionExercise training has small effects on MMQ and medium-large effects on NMQ in healthy older individuals. There was no association between improvements in MQ and increases in muscle strength, mobility, and balance. Information on dose-response relations following training is currently lacking. There is a critical gap in muscle quality data for older individuals with lower function and neurological conditions after exercise training. Health practitioners should use resistance training to improve muscle function in older individuals. Well-designed studies are needed to examine the relevance of exercise training-induced changes in MQ in daily function in older individuals, especially to those with lower function and neurological conditions.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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