Plant-insect interactions patterns in three European paleoforests of the late-Neogene—early-Quaternary

PeerJ

article

Benjamin Adroit¹  Vincent Girard²  Lutz Kunzmann³  Jean-Frédéric Terral²  Torsten Wappler¹ 

[1] Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, Division Palaeontology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn;Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, University of Montpellier;Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden;Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt

关键词: Herbivory;    Berga;    Seasonality;    Bernasso;    Willershausen Lagerstätte;    Paleoclimate;    Insect feeding;    Plant-insect associations;    Pliocene;    Pleistocene;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.5075

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Plants and insects are constantly interacting in complex ways through forest communities since hundreds of millions of years. Those interactions are often related to variations in the climate. Climate change, due to human activities, may have disturbed these relationships in modern ecosystems. Fossil leaf assemblages are thus good opportunities to survey responses of plant–insect interactions to climate variations over the time. The goal of this study is to discuss the possible causes of the differences of plant–insect interactions’ patterns in European paleoforests from the Neogene–Quaternary transition. This was accomplished through three fossil leaf assemblages: Willershausen, Berga (both from the late Neogene of Germany) and Bernasso (from the early Quaternary of France). In Willershausen it has been measured that half of the leaves presented insect interactions, 35% of the fossil leaves were impacted by insects in Bernasso and only 25% in Berga. The largest proportion of these interactions in Bernasso were categorized as specialist (mainly due to galling) while in Willershausen and Berga those ones were significantly more generalist. Contrary to previous studies, this study did not support the hypothesis that the mean annual precipitation and temperature were the main factors that impacted the different plant–insect interactions’ patterns. However, for the first time, our results tend to support that the hydric seasonality and the mean temperature of the coolest months could be potential factors influencing fossil plant–insect interactions.

【 授权许可】

CC BY