Humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination at the 3rd month among people living with HIV

BMC Infectious Diseases

Research

Jinli Liu¹  Songjie Wu²  Ke Liang³  Wei Guo⁴  Weiming Tang⁵  Zhongyuan Xing⁶  Zhiyue Zhang⁶  Fangzhao Ming⁷  Mengmeng Wu⁸  Shi Zou⁸ 

[1] Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, Hubei, China;Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China;Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China;Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, Hubei, China;Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China;Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China;The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, 510095, Guangzhou, China;School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China;Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, Hubei, China;

关键词: COVID-19;    Inactivated vaccine;    Humoral immunity;    PLWH;    CD4 cell count;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-023-07982-x

 received in 2022-06-12, accepted in 2023-01-03,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundResearch on the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited, especially among those with low CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH compared to HIV negative controls (HNCs) and to determine the impact of CD4 cell count on vaccine response among PLWH.MethodsThe neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and the specific IgM and IgG-binding antibody responses to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the third month after the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were measured among 138 PLWH and 35 HNCs. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with the seroconversion rate of antibodies and the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, respectively.ResultsAt the end of the third month after two doses of vaccination, the seroconversion rates of IgG were comparable between PLWH (44.9%; 95% CI 36.5–53.3%) and HNCs (60.0%; 95% CI 42.9–77.1%), respectively. The median titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH were 0.57 (IQR: 0.30–1.11) log10 BAU/mL and 29.0% (95% CI 21.3–36.8%), respectively, both lower than those in HNCs (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and CD4 cell count, the titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs were comparable between PLWH and HNCs (P > 0.05). Multivariable regression analyses showed that CD4 cell count < 200/μL was independently associated with lower titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the CD4 cell count and nAbs titers in PLWH (Spearman's ρ = 0.25, P = 0.0034).ConclusionOur study concluded that the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH was independently associated with CD4 cell count, PLWH with lower CD4 cell count showed a weaker humoral immune response, especially those with CD4 cell count < 200/μL. This finding suggests that expanding COVID-19 vaccination coverage among PLWH is impendency. In addition, aggressive ART should be carried out for PLWH, especially for those with low CD4 cell count, to improve the immune response to vaccines.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

Fig. 16

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