Characteristics and Prognosis of Antibody Non-responders With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Frontiers in Medicine

article

Junyu Ding¹  Changxin Liu¹  Zhao Wang¹  Hua Guo¹  Kan Zhang²  Lin Ma²  Bo Wang¹  Huijun Zhao¹  Manya Song¹  Xizhou Guan² 

[1] Medical School of Chinese PLA;Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital

关键词: antibody;    SARS-CoV-2;    COVID-19;    infection;    immune;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2022.813820

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading globally. Information regarding the characteristics and prognosis of antibody non-responders to COVID-19 is limited. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all patients with confirmed COVID-19 using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) admitted to the Fire God Mountain hospital from February 3, 2020, to April 14, 2020. A total of 1,921 patients were divided into the antibody-negative ( n = 94) and antibody-positive ( n = 1,827) groups, and 1:1 propensity score matching was used to match the two groups. Results In the antibody-negative group, 40 patients (42.6%) were men, and 49 (52.1%) were older than 65 years. Cough was the most common symptom in the antibody negative group. White blood cell counts, neutrophils, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were significantly higher in the antibody-negative patients than in the antibody-positive group ( P < 0.005). The number of days of nucleic acid-negative conversion in the antibody-negative group was shorter than that in the antibody-positive group ( P < 0.001). The hospitalization time of the antibody-negative patients was shorter than that of the antibody-positive patients ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Some COVID-19 patients without specific antibodies had mild symptoms; however, the inflammatory reaction caused by innate clinical immunity was more intense than those associated with antibodies. Non-specific immune responses played an essential role in virus clearance. There was no direct correlation between excessive inflammatory response and adverse outcomes in patients. The risk of reinfection and vaccination strategies for antibody-negative patients need to be further explored.

【 授权许可】

CC BY