Low humoral and cellular immune responses early after breakthrough infection may contribute to severe COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Youngju Kim¹  Chang-Han Lee²  Hyun Mu Shin³  Hang-Rae Kim⁴  Eunyoung Lee⁵  Sang-Won Park⁵  Ji Hwan Bang⁵  Hong Bin Kim⁶  Kyoung-Ho Song⁶  Eu Suk Kim⁶  Myoung-don Oh⁷  Pyoeng Gyun Choe⁷  Chang Kyung Kang⁷  Chan Mi Lee⁷  Wan Beom Park⁷  Nam Joong Kim⁷ 

[1] BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea;Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    breakthrough infection;    COVID-19;    immune response;    antibody;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106664

 received in 2022-11-24, accepted in 2023-03-13,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundLittle is known about the immune determinants for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We therefore attempted to identify differences in humoral and cellular immune responses between patients with non-severe and severe breakthrough COVID-19.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled hospitalized patients with breakthrough COVID-19 (severe and non-severe groups) and uninfected individuals who were vaccinated at a similar time (control group). Severe cases were defined as those who required oxygen therapy while hospitalized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry were used to evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses, respectively.ResultsAnti-S1 IgG titers were significantly lower in the severe group than in the non-severe group within 1 week of symptom onset and higher in the non-severe group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the cellular immune response tended to be diminished in breakthrough cases, particularly in the severe group. In multivariate analysis, advanced age and low anti-S1 IgG titer were associated with severe breakthrough COVID-19.ConclusionsSevere breakthrough COVID-19 might be attributed by low humoral and cellular immune responses early after infection. In the vaccinated population, delayed humoral and cellular immune responses may contribute to severe breakthrough COVID-19.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Lee, Choe, Kang, Lee, Song, Bang, Kim, Kim, Kim, Kim, Kim, Lee, Shin, Park, Park and Oh