The Effects of Diet and Dietary Interventions on the Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and a Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

Cancers

Flori Degrassi¹  Guido Basile²  Andrea Maugeri³  Martina Barchitta³  Roberta Magnano San Lio³  Antonella Agodi³  Annalisa Quattrocchi⁴  Francesca Catalano⁵ 

[1] Associazione Nazionale Donne Operate al Seno A.N.D.O.S. onlus nazionale, 20154 Milan, Italy;Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Plebiscito 628, 95124 Catania, Italy;Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy;Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus;Multidisciplinary Breast Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Cannizzaro, 95126 Catania, Italy;

关键词: breast cancer;    quality of life;    public health;    diet;    nutrition;    dietary intervention;    physical activity;    exercise;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers12020322

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

There is an ongoing need for solid evidence about the effects of healthy behaviors, and particularly diet, on the quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer survivors. We first conducted a cross-sectional study on 68 Italian stage I-III breast cancer survivors, to investigate the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity and weight status with QoL. Adherence to MD and physical activity was assessed using structured questionnaires. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life tools. We showed that low consumption of red meat and carbonated beverages, daily consumption of wine and high consumption of dishes seasoned with sofrito had beneficial effects on several QoL subscales. By contrast, using olive oil as the main culinary fat, low consumption of commercial sweets and high consumption of nuts were associated with negative effects. Overall, these findings resulted in a null effect of adherence to MD on QoL. Furthermore, we observed better QoL sub-scores among women who performed moderate physical activity (i.e., diarrhea) and those who were underweight/normal weight (i.e., physical functioning and dyspnea) if compared with their counterparts (p-values ≤ 0.003 after correction for multiple comparison). Next, we performed a systematic review of nine experimental studies to summarize whether dietary interventions might improve QoL among breast cancer patients. All the studies demonstrated significant improvements in overall QoL and/or its subscales after the interventions. However, differences in study design, interventions and tools used for QoL assessment did not allow us to provide an overall estimate. Moreover, only a single-arm trial evaluated the effect of an exclusive dietary-based intervention, while others combined dietary recommendations with physical activity and weight loss programs. For these reasons, our study encourages more efforts to improve the robustness of current evidence, through more homogenous tools, larger population-based studies and further randomized controlled trials.

【 授权许可】

Unknown