Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Molecules

Maxime Klausen¹  Muhammed Ucuncu¹  Mark Bradley¹ 

[1] School of Chemistry and the EPSRC IRC Proteus, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;

关键词: photodynamic therapy;    photosensitizer;    reactive oxygen species;    antimicrobial resistance;    nanomaterials;    antimicrobial peptides;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules25225239

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms has gained substantial attention due to its unique mode of action, in which pathogens are unable to generate resistance, and due to the fact that it can be applied in a minimally invasive manner. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) is activated by a specific wavelength of light and generates highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O²⁻, type-I mechanism) or singlet oxygen (¹O₂*, type-II mechanism). Although it offers many advantages over conventional treatment methods, ROS-mediated microbial killing is often faced with the issues of accessibility, poor selectivity and off-target damage. Thus, several strategies have been employed to develop target-specific antimicrobial PDT (aPDT). This includes conjugation of known PS building-blocks to either non-specific cationic moieties or target-specific antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, or combining them with targeting nanomaterials. In this review, we summarise these general strategies and related challenges, and highlight recent developments in targeted aPDT.

【 授权许可】

Unknown