Regulation of mTORC1 by amino acids in mammalian cells: A general picture of recent advances

Animal Nutrition

Zhonghua Wang¹  Qiuling Hou²  Zhiyong Hu²  Yun Wang²  Shizhe Zhang²  Xueyan Lin² 

[1] Corresponding author.;Key Laboratory of Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong, China;

关键词: mTORC1;    Amino acids;    Leucine;    Mammal;    Signaling pathway;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates various types of signal inputs, such as energy, growth factors, and amino acids to regulate cell growth and proliferation mainly through the 2 direct downstream targets, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). Most of the signal arms upstream of mTORC1 including energy status, stress signals, and growth factors converge on the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) − Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb) axis. Amino acids, however, are distinct from other signals and modulate mTORC1 using a unique pathway. In recent years, the transmission mechanism of amino acid signals upstream of mTORC1 has been gradually elucidated, and some sensors or signal transmission pathways for individual amino acids have also been discovered. With the help of these findings, we propose a general picture of recent advances, which demonstrates that various amino acids from lysosomes, cytoplasm, and Golgi are sensed by their respective sensors. These signals converge on mTORC1 and form a huge and complicated signal network with multiple synergies, antagonisms, and feedback mechanisms.

【 授权许可】

Unknown