Milk is not just food but most likely a genetic transfection system activating mTORC1 signaling for postnatal growth

Nutrition Journal

Gerd Schmitz²  Swen Malte John¹  Bodo C Melnik¹ 

[1] Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, D-49090, Osnabrück, Germany;Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinics of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany

关键词: Tryptophan;    Postnatal growth;    mTORC1;    Milk;    MicroRNA-21;    Leucine;    Exosomal microRNA;    Glucagon-like peptide-1;    Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide;    Diseases of civilization;    Branched-chain amino acids;   

Others  :  806128
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-12-103

 received in 2013-05-05, accepted in 2013-07-23,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Milk has been recognized to represent a functionally active nutrient system promoting neonatal growth of mammals. Cell growth is regulated by the nutrient-sensitive kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). There is still a lack of information on the mechanisms of mTORC1 up-regulation by milk consumption. This review presents milk as a materno-neonatal relay system functioning by transfer of preferential amino acids, which increase plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) for mTORC1 activation. Importantly, milk exosomes, which regularly contain microRNA-21, most likely represent a genetic transfection system enhancing mTORC1-driven metabolic processes. Whereas human breast milk is the ideal food for infants allowing appropriate postnatal growth and species-specific metabolic programming, persistent high milk signaling during adolescence and adulthood by continued cow´s milk consumption may promote mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Melnik et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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