Associations Between Measures of Sarcopenic Obesity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis Using the UK Biobank

Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

Chris Finan¹  Rohini Mathur¹  Krishnan Bhaskaran¹  Ruth E. Farmer²  A. Floriaan Schmidt²  Sophie V. Eastwood²  Ghazaleh Fatemifar³  Liam Smeeth³  Spiros Denaxas⁴  Nish Chaturvedi⁵ 

[1] Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom;;Department of Non Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene &Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London United Kingdom;The Farr Institute of Health Informatics London United Kingdom;The Institute of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom;

关键词: cardiovascular outcomes;    epidemiology;    grip strength;    Mendelian randomization;    obesity;   

DOI  :  10.1161/JAHA.118.011638

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Background The “healthy obese” hypothesis suggests the risks associated with excess adiposity are reduced in those with higher muscle quality (mass/strength). Alternative possibilities include loss of muscle quality as people become unwell (reverse causality) or unmeasured confounding. Methods and Results We conducted a cohort study using the UK Biobank (n=452 931). Baseline body mass index (BMI) was used to quantify adiposity and handgrip strength (HGS) used for muscle quality. Outcomes were fatal and non‐fatal cardiovascular disease, and mortality. As a secondary analysis we used waist‐hip‐ratio or fat mass percentage instead of BMI, and skeletal muscle mass index instead of HGS. In a subsample, we used gene scores for BMI, waist‐hip‐ratio and HGS in a Mendelian randomization (MR). BMI defined obesity was associated with an increased risk of all outcomes (hazard ratio [HR] range 1.10–1.82). Low HGS was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality (HR range 1.39–1.72). HRs for the association between low HGS and cardiovascular disease events were smaller (HR range 1.05–1.09). There was no suggestion of an interaction between HGS and BMI to support the healthy obese hypothesis. Results using other adiposity metrics were similar. There was no evidence of an association between skeletal muscle mass index and any outcome. Factorial Mendelian randomization confirmed no evidence for an interaction. Low genetically predicted HGS was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR range 1.08–1.19). Conclusions Our analyses do not support the healthy obese concept, with no evidence that the adverse effect of obesity on outcomes was reduced by improved muscle quality. Lower HGS was associated with increased risks of mortality in both observational and MR analyses, suggesting reverse causality may not be the sole explanation.

【 授权许可】

Unknown