Prospects of Zn(O,S) as an alternative buffer layer for Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin-film solar cells from numerical simulation

Micro & nano letters

article

Hong Zhang¹  Shuying Cheng¹  Jinling Yu¹  Haifang Zhou¹  Hongjie Jia¹ 

[1] College of Physics and Information Engineering, and Institute of Micro-Nano Devices and Solar Cells, Fuzhou University;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering

关键词: buffer layers;    semiconductor thin films;    solar cells;    thin film devices;    copper compounds;    zinc compounds;    tin compounds;    II-VI semiconductors;    wide band gap semiconductors;    aluminium;    doping profiles;    capacitance;    Cu2ZnSnS4-Zn(OS)-ZnOAl;    buffer layer;    thin-film solar cells;    numerical simulation;    solar cell capacitance simulator;    acceptor concentration;    donor concentration;    doping concentration;    temperature coefhcient of efhciency;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2016.0130

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Central venous access is still the standard of care in critically ill patients despite several controversies.Ultrasound guided central venous access is now considered to be the standard of care practice due to itsbetter safety and accuracy profile.Ultrasound guidance not only reduces the number of attempts but also the associated complicationsreported for landmark technique. Adequate training is mandatory to achieve desired results, but thelearning curve is highly variable from person to person. It is recommended that at least 10 supervisedultrasound-guided vascular access procedures must be done by a physician to show competency. Twotechniques are suggested for central venous cannulation, static or prescan technique and real time ordynamic technique. The vessel can be targeted in short axis or in long axis plane. Linear transducers withhigher frequencies between 7.5 and 12 MHz are preferred for vascular access procedures. To rememberthe procedure steps, a mnemonic abbreviated as 4P’s is suggested which indicate prescanning, preparationof patient and probe, poke in and path identification. Sterility must be observed during the ultrasoundguided central venous access. Appropriate documentation is an essential part of the procedure.Real-time ultrasound guidance for cannulation of the IJV is supported by current literature. It has managedto reduce the complications associated with central line insertion and clearly improves the success rate.

【 授权许可】

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