Preparation of ZnS by magnetron sputtering and its buffer effect on the preferential orientation growth of ITO thin film

Micro & nano letters

article

Wenhan Du¹  Jingjing Yang¹  Yu Zhao¹  Chao Xiong¹ 

[1] School of Electrical and Photoelectronic Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University

关键词: zinc compounds;    sputter deposition;    semiconductor thin films;    II-VI semiconductors;    wide band gap semiconductors;    semiconductor growth;    indium compounds;    tin compounds;    buffer layers;    lattice constants;    scanning electron microscopy;    magnetron sputtering;    buffer effect;    preferential orientation growth;    ITO thin film;    deposition sequences;    indium-tin oxide multiple thin films;    quartz substrates;    (222) preferential orientation growth;    lattice constant expansion;    film thickness;    tension stress;    crystalline properties;    pinhole-free ZnS thin film;    scanning electron microscopy;    deposition sequential;    thin film solar cells;    interface defects;    ZnS-ITO;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2017.0647

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

According to previous publication, urethral stricture is a common pathology with dissimilar etiologic features in diverse age groups and societies. The aim of this study was to investigate demographic characteristics in two tertiary hospitals in Isfahan/Iran. All patients with urethral strictures were obtained from 2008 to 2018 from urology wards located at the two tertiary hospitals in Isfahan/Iran. According to ICD-10, demographic and clinical information were recorded in Excel and analyzed by SPSS. Age, as a continuous variable, was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). A p value of <0.05 was considered as significant. For a period of 10 years there were a total of 1792 patients comprised of 433 females and 1359 males with urethral strictures. The mean ± SD of age was 41.9 ±24.5 years old. With a between age of 30 to 70 in 71% females showed disease at younger duration of life (p<0.001). Urethral strictures was occurred in 30% under the age of 10 years old. The pattern of attendance for most patients was once and in ranged from 2 to 5. Intermediate time for those with the pattern of recurrence ranged from 8 to 3074 days after surgery. Urethral strictures categorized as an undertreated disease both nationally and internationally. In this study for over a period of ten years, around 1792 patients’ visited two tertiary hospitals in Isfahan/Iran due to urethral strictures disease. Therefore in order to reduce the severity of disease and associated costs, identifying risk factors for occurrence or progression in addition to pharmacotherapy approach recommended to be advantageous.

【 授权许可】

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