Metabolic syndrome and its correlated factors in an urban population in South West of Iran

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders

Armaghan Moravej Aleali¹  Abdolrasool Nikhoo³  Reza Amani²  Heshmatollah Shahbazian¹  Mohammad Taha Jalali²  Seyed Mahmoud Latifi¹  Hajieh Shahbazian¹ 

[1] Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 61157-15794, Iran;Nutrition Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;Infection Disease Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

关键词: Blood glucose;    Abdominal circumference;    Low HDL;    Hypertriglyceridemia;    Hypertension;    Metabolic syndrome;   

Others  :  807081
DOI  :  10.1186/2251-6581-12-11

 received in 2012-09-23, accepted in 2013-01-07,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

This study was designed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its correlated factors in an urban population in Ahvaz.

Methods

This descriptive analytical study performed with random cluster sampling method in 6 health centers in Ahvaz. In each selected center, 55 households were randomly selected. A questionnaire included: age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, education level, family history of diabetes (DM), Hypertension (HTN) and obesity, smoking and parity and previous history of gestational diabetes Mellitus in women were filled for each person.

Blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), abdominal and waist circumference were measured in each participant. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level were measured in fasting blood sample.

Results

The mean age of all participants was 42.27 ± 14 years (44.2 ± 14.26 years in men and 40.5 ± 13.5 in women). From total 912 participant, 434(47.2%) were men and 478(52.8%) women. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on ATPIII criteria (update2005) was 22.8% (15.9% in men and 29.1% in women) that showed significant difference (P = 0.0001). Prevalence of each component of MS in studied population was: 29.4% for abdominal obesity, 40.7% for high TG level, 40.2% for low HDL, 15.4% for hypertension and 37.8% for abnormal FBS. Among these factor, age of patients, BMI, sex had significant differences between persons with or without Ms (P = 0.0001). Ethnicity (Arab or Persian), cigarette smoking and family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, marital statues, education level, parity and previous history of GDM in women showed no significant differences between persons with MS and without MS.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome has high prevalence in our population and its prevalence increases with increasing age and BMI. Women are at higher risk for metabolic syndrome than men.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Shahbazian et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Gharipour M, Bagheri A, Boshtam M, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the adults of central of areas of Iran (as a part of Isfahan healthy heart study). Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences 2006, 13(3):56-63.
• [2]Sadrbafoghi SM, Salar M, Rafiee M, et al.: Prevalence and criteria of metabolic syndrome in an urban population: Yazd healthy heart project. Tehran Univ. Med. J 2007, 64(10):90-96.
• [3]Zaliūnas R, Slapikas R, Luksiene D, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Medicina (Kaunas) 2008, 44(3):182-188.
• [4]Qadan LR, Ahmed AA, Safar HA, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with clinically advanced peripheral vascular disease. Angiology 2008, 59(2):198-202.
• [5]Pan WH, Yeh WT: Weng LC Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Asia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2008, 17(Suppl 1):37-42.
• [6]Lameira D, Lejeune S, Mourad JJ: Metabolic syndrome: epidemiology and its risks. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2008, 135(Suppl 4):S249-S253.
• [7]Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Satyavani K, Sivasankari S, Vijay V: Metabolic syndrome in urban Asian Indian adults–a population study using modified ATP III criteria. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003, 60(3):199-204.
• [8]Qiao Q, Pitkaniemi J, Tuomilehto J, et al.: Comparison of different definition of the metabolic syndrome in relation to cardiovascular mortality in European men and women. Diabetologia 2006, 49(12):2837-2846.
• [9]Eglit T, Rajasalu T, Lember M: Metabolic syndrome in Estonia: prevalence and association with insulin resistance. International journal of Endocrinology 2012, 951672:1-5.
• [10]Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Hole K, et al.: Age specific prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the international diabetes federation and the national cholesterol education program: the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. BMC Public Health 2007, 7:220. BioMed Central Full Text
• [11]Gundogan K, Bayram F, Capak M, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mediterranean region of Turkey: evaluation of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Metab Syndr Relat D 2009, 7(5):427-434.
• [12]Alkerwi A, Donneaue AF, Sauvageot N, et al.: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Luxemburg according to the joint interim statement definition estimated from the ORISCAV-LUX study. BMC Public Health 2011, 11(1):1-9. BioMed Central Full Text
• [13]Azizi F, Salehi P, Etemadi A, Zahedi-Asl S: Preavalence of metabolic syndrome in an urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Diabetes Res Clin Pr 2003, 61:29-37.
• [14]Fakhrzadeh H, Ebrahimpour P, Pourebrahimi R, et al.: Metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in healthy adults: A population- based study in Iran. Metabolic Syndr Related Disord. 2006, 4(1):24-34.
• [15]Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, et al.: The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factors finding in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1998–1994. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163(4):427-436.
• [16]Dhingra R, Sullivan L, Jacques PF, et al.: Soft drink consumption and risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in the community. Circulation 2007, 116(5):480-488.
• [17]Rosenzweig JL, Ferrannini E, Grundy SM, et al.: Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in patients at metabolic risk: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008, 10:3671-3689.
• [18]La Monte MJ, Barlow CE, Jurca R, et al.: Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective study of men and women. Circulation 2005, 112(4):505-512.
• [19]Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al.: American Heart association; national heart, lung, and blood institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an american heart association/national heart, lung, and blood institute scientific statement. Circulation 2005, 112(17):2735-2752.
• [20]Genuth S, Alberti KG, Bennett P, et al.: Expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003, 26(11):3160-3167.
• [21]Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ: The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005, 365(9468):1415-1428.
• [22]Manson JE, Skerrett PJ, Greenland P, et al.: The escalating pandemics of obesity and sedentary lifestyle. A call to action for clinicias. Arch Intern Med 2004, 164:249.
• [23]Graudy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC Jr, et al.: Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of American heart association/National Heart, Lung, and blood Institute/American diabetes association conferences on conference on scientific issues and related to management. Circulation 2004, 109:551.
• [24]Sharifi F, Mousavinasab SN, Saneini M, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an adult urban population of the west of Iran. Exp Diabetes Res 2009, 136501:1-5.
• [25]Kaykhaei MA, Hashemi M, Narouie B, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult population from Zahedan, Souteast Iran. Iranian J Publ Health 2012, 41(2):70-76.
• [26]Hellar AD, De Faire U, Pederson NL, et al.: Genetic and environmental00 influences on serum lipid levels in twin. N Engl J Med 1993, 238:1150-1156.
• [27]Bucher KD, Friedlandr Y, Kaplan EB, et al.: Biological and cultural sources of familial resembelence in plasma l;ipids: a comparasion between north America and Isreal-the lipid research clinics, program Genet. Epidemiol. 1988, 5:17-33.
• [28]Austin MA, King MC, Bawol RD, et al.: Risk factors for coronary heart disease ib adult femsle twins. Genetic heritability and shared enviromanttal influences. Am J Epidemiol 1987, 125:308-318.
• [29]Koizumi J, Inazu A, Tagi K, et al.: Serum lipoprotein lipid concentration and composition in homozygous and heterozygous patients with cholesteryl ester transfer proteins deficiency. Atherosclerosis 1991, 90:189-196.
• [30]Sanatamirina-fojo S, Haudenschild C, Amer M, et al.: The role of hepatic lipase in lipoprotein metabolis and atherosclerosis Curr. Opin Lipidol 1998, 9:211-219.
• [31]Ford ES: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by international diabetes federation among adults in US. Diabetes Care 2005, 28(11):2745-2749.
• [32]Kim SJ, Lee J, Nam CM, Lee SY: Impact of obesity on metabolic syndrome among adolescents as comparision with adults in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2011, 52(5):746-752.
• [33]Pankow JS, Jacobs DR Jr, Steinberger J, et al.: Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children of parents with the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome. Diabetes Care 2004, 3:775-780.
• [34]Mills GW, Avery PJ, McCarthy MI, et al.: Heritability estimates for beta cell function and features of the insulin resistance syndrome in UK families with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004, 47(4):732-738.
• [35]Meigs JB, Panhuysen CI, Myers RH, et al.: A genome-wide scan for loci linked to plasma levels of glucose and HbA(1c) in a community-based sample of Caucasian pedigrees: the framingham offspring study. Diabetes 2002, 51(3):833-840.
• [36]Van Tilburg JH, Wijmenga C, Van Haeften TW, Framingham Offspring Study: A genome scan for loci linked to quantitative insulin traits in persons without diabetes: the framingham offspring study. Diabetologia 2003, 46(11):1588. author reply 1588
• [37]Björntorp P: “Portal” adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Arteriosclerosis 1990, 10(4):493-496.
• [38]Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TH, et al.: The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 2008, 29(7):777-822.
• [39]Hui C, Huang J, Xu G, et al.: Prevalence and determination of metabolic syndrome among women in Chinese rural area. PLoS One 2012, 7(5):1-11.
• [40]Mattsson N, Rönnemaa T, Juonala M, et al.: Childhood predictors of the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Ann Med 2008, 40(7):542-552.
• [41]Wilsgaard T, Jacobsen BK: Lifestyle factors and incident metabolic syndrome. The Tromsø Study 1979–2001. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007, 78(2):217-224.
• [42]Santos AC, Ebrahim S, Barros H: Alcohol intake, smoking, sleeping hours, physical activity and the metabolic syndrome. Prev Med 2007, 44(4):328-334.