The oxidative potential of differently charged silver and gold nanoparticles on three human lung epithelial cell types

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Albert Duschl⁵  Victor Puntes³  Gertie Janneke Oostingh²  Michael Riediker¹  Martin Himly⁵  Jiayuan Zhao⁴  Ngoc Tran³  Eva Hornig⁵  Ulrike Tischler⁵  Matthew Boyles⁵  Eudald Casals³  Paul Schlinkert⁵ 

[1] Institue for Occupational Medicine (IOM) Singapore, Downtown Core, Singapore;Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Puch, Salzburg, Austria;Institute Catalá de Nanotecnologia, Barcelona, Spain;Institute for Work and Health, Lausanne, Switzerland;Department of Molecular Biology, Paris Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria

关键词: Surface charge;    ROS production;    Cytotoxicity;    Nanoparticles;    Human lung epithelial cells;   

Others  :  1137469
DOI  :  10.1186/s12951-014-0062-4

 received in 2014-09-15, accepted in 2014-12-18,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Nanoparticle (NPs) functionalization has been shown to affect their cellular toxicity. To study this, differently functionalized silver (Ag) and gold (Au) NPs were synthesised, characterised and tested using lung epithelial cell systems.

Methods

Monodispersed Ag and Au NPs with a size range of 7 to 10 nm were coated with either sodium citrate or chitosan resulting in surface charges from −50 mV to +70 mV. NP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were determined using A549 cells, BEAS-2B cells and primary lung epithelial cells (NHBE cells). TEER measurements and immunofluorescence staining of tight junctions were performed to test the growth characteristics of the cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by means of the CellTiter-Blue ® and the lactate dehydrogenase assay and cellular and cell-free reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the DCFH-DA assay.

Results

Different growth characteristics were shown in the three cell types used. A549 cells grew into a confluent mono-layer, BEAS-2B cells grew into a multilayer and NHBE cells did not form a confluent layer. A549 cells were least susceptible towards NPs, irrespective of the NP functionalization. Cytotoxicity in BEAS-2B cells increased when exposed to high positive charged (+65-75 mV) Au NPs. The greatest cytotoxicity was observed in NHBE cells, where both Ag and Au NPs with a charge above +40 mV induced cytotoxicity. ROS production was most prominent in A549 cells where Au NPs (+65-75 mV) induced the highest amount of ROS. In addition, cell-free ROS measurements showed a significant increase in ROS production with an increase in chitosan coating.

Conclusions

Chitosan functionalization of NPs, with resultant high surface charges plays an important role in NP-toxicity. Au NPs, which have been shown to be inert and often non-cytotoxic, can become toxic upon coating with certain charged molecules. Notably, these effects are dependent on the core material of the particle, the cell type used for testing and the growth characteristics of these cell culture model systems.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Schlinkert et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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