Phylogenetic analysis of symbionts in feather-feeding lice of the genus Columbicola: evidence for repeated symbiont replacements

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Colin Dale⁴  Dale H Clayton⁴  Takema Fukatsu³  Ryuichi Koga³  Kari L Smith⁴  Tamar Carter²  David L Reed²  Kevin P Johnson¹  Kelly F Oakeson⁴  Wendy A Smith⁴ 

[1] Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan;Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA

关键词: Symbiont replacement;    Co-speciation;    Lice;    Insect;    Symbiosis;   

Others  :  1087250
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-13-109

 received in 2012-09-05, accepted in 2013-05-24,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Many groups of insects have obligate bacterial symbionts that are vertically transmitted. Such associations are typically characterized by the presence of a monophyletic group of bacteria living in a well-defined host clade. In addition the phylogeny of the symbiotic bacteria is typically congruent with that of the host, signifying co-speciation. Here we show that bacteria living in a single genus of feather lice, Columbicola (Insecta: Phthiraptera), present an exception to this typical pattern.

Results

The phylogeny of Columbicola spp. symbionts revealed the presence of three candidate clades, with the most species-rich clade having a comb-like topology with very short internodes and long terminal branches. Evolutionary simulations indicate that this topology is characteristic of a process of repeated symbiont replacement over a brief time period. The two remaining candidate clades in our study exhibit high levels of nucleotide substitution, suggesting accelerated molecular evolution due to relaxed purifying selection or smaller effective population size, which is typical of many vertically transmitted insect symbionts. Representatives of the fast-evolving and slow-evolving symbiont lineages exhibit the same localization, migration, and transmission patterns in their hosts, implying direct replacement.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that repeated, independent symbiont replacements have taken place over the course of the relatively recent radiation of Columbicola spp. These results are compatible with the notion that lice and other insects have the capability to acquire novel symbionts through the domestication of progenitor strains residing in their local environment.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Smith et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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