Simultaneous extraction, optimization, and analysis of flavonoids and polyphenols from peach and pumpkin extracts using a TLC-densitometric method

Chemistry Central Journal

David A. Lightfoot¹  Mary Kinsel²  Dennis G. Watson¹  Ammar Altemimi³ 

[1]Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA

[2]SIUC Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SIUC, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA

[3]Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq

关键词: Mass spectrometry;    Densitometry;    TLC;    Ultrasound;    Myricetin;    Rutin;    Ellagic acid;   

Others  :  1219943
DOI  :  10.1186/s13065-015-0113-4

 received in 2015-02-04, accepted in 2015-06-10,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

The use of medicinal plants has been reported throughout human history. In the fight against illnesses, medicinal plants represent the primary health care system for 60 % of the world’s population. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with active anti-microbial properties; they are produced in plants as pigments. Quercetin, myricetin, and rutin are among the most well-known and prevalent flavonoids in plants, with an antioxidant activity capable of decreasing the oxidation of low density lipoproteins [LDLs]. To date, this research is the first of its kind to employ a coupled thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and a densitometric quantification method with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and determination of rutin and quercetin from peach and ellagic acid and myricetin from pumpkin fruits.

Results

The effect of process variables (extraction temperature (°C), extraction power (%) and extraction time (min)) on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were examined by using BBD and RSM. TLC followed by Quantity-One™ (BioRad) image analysis as a simple and rapid method was used for identification and quantification of the compounds in complex mixtures. The results were consistent under optimal conditions among the experimental values and their predicted values. A mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique was also used to confirm the identity of the natural products in the TLC spots resolved.

Conclusion

The results show that the coupled TLC-densitometric methods & BBD can be a very powerful approach to qualitative and quantitative analysis of; rutin and quercetin from peach extracts; and ellagic acid and myricetin contents from pumpkin extracts.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Altemimi et al.

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Brusotti G, Cesari I, Dentamaro A, Caccialanza G, Massolini G. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant resources: the role of analysis in the ethnopharmacological approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014; 87:218-28.
• [2]Sarala V, Radhakrishnan M, Balagurunathan R. Inhibitory activity of terpenoid from the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata against biofouling bacteria. Int J Chem Tech Res. 2011; 3:1225-31.
• [3]Nassr-Allah AA, Aboul-Enein AM, Aboul-Enein KM, Lightfoot DA, Cocchetto A, El-Shemy HA. Anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activity of some Egyptian medicinal plants. J Med Plants Res. 2009; 3(3):799-808.
• [4]El-Shemy HA, Aboul-Enein KM, Cocchetto A, Lightfoot DA. Predicting which natural products of plants may kill leukaemia cells (In-silico selection of anti-leukaemia natural products). J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2013; 2:1-10.
• [5]Rauha JP, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kähkönen M, Kujala T et al.. Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Int J Food Microbiol. 2000; 56(1):3-12.
• [6]Ghosh P, Katiyar A. Densitometric HPTLC analysis of juglone, quercetin, myricetin, rutin, caffeic acid, and gallic acid in Juglans regia L. JPC J Planar Chromatogr - Mod. 2012; 25(5):420-5.
• [7]Bros I, Soran ML, Briciu RD, Cobzac SC. HPTLC quantification of some flavonoids in extracts of Satureja hortensis L. obtained by use of different techniques. JPC J Planar Chromatogr - Mod. 2009; 22(1):25-8.
• [8]He X, Lin L, Lian L. Analysis of flavonoids from red clover by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1996; 755(1):127-32.
• [9]Mot AC, Soponar F, Sarbu C. Multivariate analysis of reflectance spectra from propolis: geographical variation in Romanian samples. Talanta. 2010; 81(3):1010-5.
• [10]Nascu-Briciu RD, Cobzac SC, Baciu S. Optimum ultrasound assisted extraction conditions of some flavonoids from green tea leaves. Control quality of green tea product by TLC fingerprinting. Anal Lett. 2011; 44(18):2865-75.
• [11]Repolles C, Herrero-Martinez JM, Rafols C. Analysis of prominent flavonoid aglycones by high-performance liquid chromatography using a monolithic type column. J Chromatogr A. 2006; 1131(1–2):51-7.
• [12]Al-Temimi A, Choudahry R. Determination of antioxidant activity in different kinds of plants in vivo and in vitro by using diverse technical methods. J Nutr Food Sci. 2013; 3(1):1-6.
• [13]Herrera MC, de Castro MDL. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from strawberries prior to liquid chromatographic separation and photodiode array ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A. 2005; 1100(1):1-7.
• [14]Bajer T, Adam M, Galla L, Ventura K. Comparison of various extraction techniques for isolation and determination of isoflavonoids in plants. J Sep Sci. 2007; 30(1):122-7.
• [15]Chemat F, Zill-e-Huma, Khan MK. Applications of ultrasound in food technology: processing, preservation and extraction. Ultrason Sonochem. 2011; 18(4):813-35.
• [16]Pratt DE, Watts BM. The antioxidant activity of vegetable extracts I. flavone aglycones. J Food Sci. 1964; 29:27-33.
• [17]Zeb A, Murkovic M. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of carotenoids in plant and animal samples. JPC J Planar Chromatogr - Mod TLC. 2010; 23:94-103.
• [18]Fuchs B, Suss R, Teuber K, Eibisch M, Schiller J. Lipid analysis by thin-layer chromatography—a review of the current state. J Chromatogr A. 2011; 1218(19):2754-74.
• [19]James J, Dubery I. Identification and quantification of triterpenoid centelloids in Centella asiatica (L.) urban by densitometric TLC. JPC - J Planar Chromatogr - Mod TLC. 2011; 24(1):82-7.
• [20]Chaowuttikul C, Thitikornpong W, Palanuvej C. Quantitative determination of usnic acid content in usnea siamensis by TLC- densitometry and TLC image analysis. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2014; 5(1):118-25.
• [21]Starek M, Krzek J. TLC chromatographic-densitometric assay of ibuprofen and its impurities. J Chromatogr Sci. 2010; 48(10):825-9.
• [22]Nikolova M, Berkov S, Ivancheva S. A rapid TLC method for analysis of external flavonoid aglycons in plant exudates. Acta Chromatogr. 2004; 14:110-4.
• [23]Ciesla L, Staszek D, Kowalska T, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. The use of TLC-DPPH test with image processing to study direct antioxidant activity of phenolic acid fractions of selected Lamiaceae family species. J AOAC Int. 2013; 96(6):1228-32.
• [24]Proestos C, Boziaris IS, Nychas GJE, Komaitis M. Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Greek aromatic plants: Investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Food Chem. 2006; 95(4):664-71.
• [25]Khoddami A, Wilkes MA, Roberts TH. Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules. 2013; 18(2):2328-75.
• [26]Bezerra MA, Santelli RE, Oliveira EP, Villar LS, Escaleira LA. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta. 2008; 76(5):965-77.
• [27]Altemimi A, Choudhary R, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Effects of ultrasonic treatments on the polyphenol and antioxidant content of spinach extracts. Ultrason Sonochem. 2015; 24:247-55.
• [28]Altemimi A, Lightfoot DA, Kinsel M, Watson DG. Employing response surface methodology for the optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of lutein and β-carotene from spinach. Molecules. 2015; 20:6611-25.
• [29]Kikuchi T, Uchida T. Calorimetric method for measuring high ultrasonic power using water as a heating material. J Phys Conf Ser. 2011; 279:012012.
• [30]Harbone J. Phytochemical method. 2nd ed. Chapman Hall, New York; 1986.
• [31]Buer CS, Djordjevic MA. Architectural phenotypes in the transparent testa mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot. 2009; 60(3):751-63.
• [32]Dmitrienko SG, Kudrinskaya VA, Apyari VV. Methods of extraction, preconcentration, and determination of quercetin. J Anal Chem. 2012; 67(4):299-311.
• [33]Delgado-Vargas F, Jimenez A, Paredes-Lopez O. Natural pigments: carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains-characteristics, biosynthesis, processing, and stability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2000; 40(3):173-289.
• [34]Lee LS, Lee N, Kim YH, Lee CH, Hong SP, Jeon YW et al.. Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic antioxidants from green tea using response surface methodology. Molecules. 2013; 18(11):13530-45.
• [35]Trinh TK, Kang LS. Application of response surface method as an experimental design to optimize coagulation test. Environ Eng Res. 2010; 15(2):63-70.
• [36]Li W, Liu ZB, Wang Z, Chen L, Sun YS, Hou JG et al.. Application of accelerated solvent extraction to the investigation of saikosaponins from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum. J Sep Sci. 2010; 33:1870-6.
• [37]Zhong Z. Optimization of ultrasound-assissted extraction conditions of flavonoids from Tartary Buckwheat. J Pharm Sci Innovation. 2012; 1(6):39-43.
• [38]Karabegovic I, Nikolova M, Velickovic D, Stojicevic S, Veljkovic V, Lazic M. Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of the Artemisia sp. Recovered by different extraction techniques. Chinese J Chem Eng. 2011; 19(3):504-11.
• [39]Zhang LL, Xu M, Wang YM, Wu DM, Chen JH. Optimizing ultrasonic ellagic acid extraction conditions from infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea using response surface methodology. Molecules. 2010; 15(11):7923-32.
• [40]Novak I, Janeiro P, Seruga M, Oliveira-Brett AM. Ultrasound extracted flavonoids from four varieties of Portuguese red grape skins determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta. 2008; 630(2):107-15.
• [41]Rostagno MA, Palma M, Barroso CG. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of isoflavones from soy beverages blended with fruit juices. Anal Chim Acta. 2007; 597(2):265-72.
• [42]Shakthi Deve A, Sathish Kumar T, Kumaresan K, Rapheal VS. Extraction process optimization of polyphenols from Indian Citrus sinensis—as novel antiglycative agents in the management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014; 13(1):1-10. BioMed Central Full Text