Loads acting on transported cargo are the result of the inertia forces associated with the movement of the motor vehicle. Longitudinal inertia forces acting on the goods transported by a vehicle may result from accelerating or braking the car. The maximum values of acceleration acting on cargo are important in terms of the selection of methods and tools used to secure the transported goods.The paper presents the results of experimental tests of harsh braking of a tractor unit with a semi-trailer. The experiment was divided into three measurement series. Two of them were carried out on asphalt pavement, while the last one was carried out on concrete pavement. One series consisted of ten braking tests. The values of maximum decelerations recorded during the tests were subjected to statistical analysis and then compared with the values of the average full deceleration of braking determined for individual braking cases.

Lateral acceleration is one of the parameters used to assess a driver's behaviour and the comfort of urban bus passengers. Because of its purpose, a city bus is a vehicle designed to transport large numbers of people over relatively short distances. The specific driving conditions require constant stopping and accelerating. Lateral acceleration values collected in selected road manoeuvre tests or performance tests conducted in real traffic conditions will determine the lateral vehicle movement dynamics. This paper presents the results of lateral acceleration in a urban bus, obtained during experimental studies in selected road manoeuvres on various surfaces. The surface condition and type do not substantially affect the lateral acceleration when driving on a circular track. During test drives on a circular track, the range of lateral acceleration amounts to 5.56÷7.37 m/s². The lateral acceleration obtained during double lane change attempts amounted to 2.84÷4.42 m/s². The maximum lateral acceleration values achieved by the urban bus on a dry and wet asphalt surface are similar.

The paper presents the analysis of lateral acceleration based on a vehicle traveling in a circle with a double lane change. The maneuvers of driving in a circle and double lane changes were chosen not by accident. Tests were carried out on a popular brand passenger car on wet and dry surfaces. The vehicle is equipped with high-class electronic equipment that records vehicle motion parameters such as lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration, speed and others. In the study, the results of maneuvers were statistically analyzed and tabulated in order to compare and influence the comfort of travellers.

The measurement of car acceleration in time can be used to assess driving styles and safety behaviours of drivers. The values of lateral acceleration of the car can be an indication of the driver's aggressive driving style and tendency for risky behaviour. If the lateral acceleration is too high, it may affect the car's stability and potentially cause it to roll over. The paper outlines the results of the lateral acceleration analysis of a Ford Transit car driving in a circle and in the attempt to change two driving lanes. The tests were conducted in driving practice areas. Measurements were taken for the test vehicle driving in circles with maximum attainable velocity, and changing two driving lanes with pre-specified velocity. The tests were conducted on asphalt and concrete surfaces, in dry, wet and icy conditions. The purpose of the tests was to determine the maximum lateral acceleration of the analysed vehicle. The impact of the surface condition on the lateral acceleration of the test vehicle was also determined. The obtained results can be used as threshold values to assess driving style, and to analyse causes of accidents taking into consideration the condition of the road surface.

Vehicle acceleration can be used to control vehicle traffic, evaluate driver behaviour and analyse accident causes, among others. The purpose of the testing was to designate longitudinal acceleration in limit conditions during the test vehicle's braking on various surfaces. The paper presents selected results of testing the motion parameters of a Ford Transit during rapid braking. The testing included measurements of the vehicle's acceleration and speed on test sections with asphalt and concrete surfaces. The test runs were conducted on a dry, wet and icy asphalt surface. The testing included determination of the impact of the road surface's condition on the vehicle's longitudinal acceleration. It was demonstrated that a virtually invisible and thin ice layer covering the road surface substantially affected the acceleration during braking, thereby affecting safety. A clean and wet surface caused a negligible change in the tested vehicle's acceleration. The obtained results can be used in accident cause analysis with consideration of the road surface's condition.

The article presents the displacement of individual body parts of volunteers during a controlled crash test at low speed. The crash test stand used is equipped with a vehicle seat with standard seat belts, which moves along the ramp rails. The stand enables both front, side and rear crash tests. The stand enables crash tests from 5 km/h to 20 km/h. The aim of the research is to compare the displacements of individual parts of the volunteers' body, taking into account the division into sex. A study carried out on 130 volunteers (80 men and 50 women), at a collision speed of 15 km/h, showed slight differences in the trajectory of the volunteers' head movement. Before the study, the volunteers were measured and weighed, and then assigned to the appropriate population percentile. Volunteers were classified into a given percentile group on the basis of the mean of 15 anthropometric dimensions of individual body parts. The obtained results are the basis for building a physical model of a dummy.