Background and Objectives Research on food polyphenols has experienced a huge development during thelast century. Most studies on polyphenolic compounds have focused on extractable polyphenols (EPP). However,an important polyphenolic fraction is ignored (Non-Extractable polyphenols (NEPP)) because they aretrapped in the corresponding extraction residues. In this study, the antioxidant EPP and NEPP of sour orangepeel, extracted by aqueous solvent and acid hydrolysis (with two different solvent systems) respectively, areevaluated and compared.Methods Antioxidant activity was evaluated by four tests of radical inhibition of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)and iron chelating. The amount of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, andflavanones were respectively determined by folin-ciocalteu, Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and Ultraviolet–visiblespectroscopy (UV-visible). Also, the anti-lipid peroxidation effect in rat liver was measured.Results The results of antioxidant analysis showed that NEPP with methanol/Sulfuric Acid Solvent had thehighest level of antioxidant activity in sour orange peel. It can be due to the high polyphenolic compounds inthis extraction compared to the others.Conclusion All extracts had antioxidant activity and can be suggested as a potential natural source in food andpharmaceutical industries.

Background and Objectives In recent years the isolation of effective molecules from snake venom as drugto treatment of some incurable diseases is considered by many biological research centers. The aim ofthis investigation was to determine electrophorotic and chromatographic patterns of Pseudocerastespersicus venom and in-vitro study of bactericidal and anti-cancer properties of its fractions in humanhepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2).Subjects and Methods The fractions of venom were isolated and collected using preparative RP-HPLC.The Bactericidal activity of fractions in 20μg/ml of protein concentration was investigated toward Gramnegativeand Gram-positive bacteria using MTT and MIC assays. Then, the cytotoxic effects of fractionswith higher antibacterial properties were measured by MTT reduction, neutral uptake and comet assaysfollowing exposure of HepG2 cancer cells to 20 and 40 μg/ml of protein concentration.Results SDS-PAGE pattern of the crude venom revealed 10 major bands with molecular weight rangingfrom 13.2 to 99.25 kDa and the separation of fractions from the venom by HPLC resulted in collectionof 11 different fractions. The results of this study showed that two fractions (4 & 8) have a significantantibacterial activity against Gram-positive as compared to Gram- negative bacteria. The study of theanti-cancer effect of these two fractions also showed that fraction 8 was more toxic in HepG2 cells.Conclusion We for the first time reported bactericidal and anti cancer effects of isolated fractions ofPersian horned viper venom. These properties make components of these fractions a favorable sourcefor isolation of molecule (s) with antibacterial and anti tumor activities.

Background and Objectives Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder which ismostly caused by deficits in social interactions. Lack of physical activity and poor nutritional habits arecommon problems in these patients which may be exaggerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The studyaims to assess the effect of functional training along with online nutrition education on inflammatorybiomarkers in children with ASD.Subjects and Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 80 children with ASD (age=9.73±1.29years, weight=49.94±2.08 kg, height=146.08±40 cm, body mass index=24.71 ±1.48 kg/m2) were randomlydivided into four groups of training, education, training+ education, and control. The interventionslasted for 8 weeks. The inflammatory biomarkers including white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactiveprotein (CRP) level, neutrophil count, eosinophil count, and basophil count were assessed (usingblood samples collected from antecubital vein) before and after the interventions.Results There was no significant difference between the groups before the interventions (P˃0.05). Afterthe intervention, the results showed a significant decrease in WBC (P˂0.001), CRP (P=0.001), neutrophils(sig.=0.009), and eosinophil (P=0.003) in all groups. Basophil count decreased in all groups (P=0.01) exceptin the education group.Conclusion Functional training and online nutrition education are beneficial interventions for managementof inflammatory biomarkers in children with ASD which can be used during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background and Objectives This study aims to assess the frequency of positive lumbosacral magneticresonance imaging (MRI) results in patients with non-traumatic low back pain (LBP) based on the specialtyof the referring physician.Subjects and Methods In this retrospective study, 335 patients with non-traumatic LBP aged >18years participated. Their demographic information and MRI findings and the specialty of the referringphysician were extracted and recorded from the imaging information system of a hospital. Frequencyof positive lumbosacral MRI results based on the specialty of the referring physician werecompared. To avoid bias, the MRIs with a same imaging protocol were selected, and reporting wasdone by a same radiologist.Results Of 335 patients, 145(43.3%) were male and 190(57.6%) were female. Among the referring physicians,139(41.5%) were neurosurgeon, 114(34%) were orthopedists, 61(18.2%) were neurologists, and21(6.3%) were physical medicine specialist. There was no significant difference in positive MRI resultsbetween different specialties of the referring physicians (P>0.05).Conclusion There is no difference in the frequency of positive lumbosacral MRI results in patients withnon-traumatic LBP treated by orthopedics, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and physical medicine specialists.

Background and Objectives: Satisfaction with orthotic devices and services results in greater orthotic usage. Evaluation of users’ satisfaction could enhance the quality of orthotic devices and services. This study aimed to evaluate the users’ satisfaction with lower limb orthotic devices and technical orthopedic services in Ahvaz. Subjects & Methods: 97 users of lower limb orthotic devices participated in this cross sectional study. User’s satisfaction was evaluated with the Orthotic & Prosthetic Users’ Survey (OPUS). The mean rank of OPUS, was analyzed with demographic data by SPSS version 22. Results: For device satisfaction, the highest satisfaction score was for “my orthosis fits well “(4/37) and the lowest score was for “cost of purchase and maintenance of orthosis” (2/75). For service satisfaction, the highest score was for “orthotist was responsive to my concerns and questions” (4/56), and the lowest score was for “coordination between orthotic staff and the users’ therapists and doctors” (2/75). The mean rank of service satisfaction was significantly higher than device satisfaction) p < 0/05(. The mean rank of device satisfaction was significantly different among four types of lower limb orthotic users) p < 0/05(. Conclusion: Technical orthopedic managers should perform actions to facilitate insurance coverage. They should emphasize on enhancement of orthotic quality and durability, teamwork, and client centered approach to ensure the users’ satisfaction especially the long leg brace users.

Background and Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effect of different intensities of aerobic trainingon the expression of transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP10) genes insubcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats.Subjects and Methods In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats with a mean age of 6 weeks anda weight of 237±33 gr were used. Then, they were randomly divided into four groups of 8, includingcontrol group, moderate-intensity aerobic training (MIT), high-intensity aerobic training (HIT), and highintensityinterval aerobic training (HIIT). The MIT group trained at an intensity of 65% VO2max for 47minutes. The HIT group running at a speed of 20 meters per minute with an increasing inclination for40 minutes. The HIIT group trained at an intensity of 90-100% VO2max for 37 minutes. Adipose tissuesample was collected 24 hours after the last training session to evaluate the expression of TCF4 andCHOP10 genes by real-time PCR method.Results There was a significant difference in the expression of CHOP10 gene in the subcutaneous tissueof male Wistar rats in the HIIT group compared to the MIT and control group (P=0.004). However, no significantdifference was observed between HIIT and HIT groups (P=1). In addition, there was a significantdifference in TCF4 gene expression in the HIIT group compared to the control group (P=0.006). However,no significant difference was observed between HIIT and HIT groups (P=1)Conclusion The expression level of adipogenic genes decreased after HIIT. These findings indicate thatthis exercise is effective in controlling the expression of genes involved in fat metabolism.