This study is a joint effort of theMinistry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Chinese experts,and the World Bank to inform the policy-making process inline with the government of China s medium- and long-termobjectives. Specifically the study aims to assist MEP,provincial governments, and municipalities by: (1) Proposinga national PM10 compliance plan to help non-compliant citiesattain grade II - preferably by 2015 or in certain cases by2020 at the latest - and already compliant cities to furtherreduce PM concentrations. The plan would include (a)policies and regulations and associated physicalinterventions/measures; (b) geographical scope; (c)sequencing of interventions; and (d) feasible environmentalinvestments likely to have high benefit/cost ratios. (2)recommending a PM2.5 monitoring system and related data applications.