This study's objective was toevaluate Energy Efficiency in Urban Water Utilities to testthe common assumption that there existed an enormous energyreduction potential in the water utilities in the FormerSoviet Union and more specifically in Central Asia. Thestudy focused on the historic cities of Samarkand andBukhara in Uzbekistan and includes a detailed description ofthe water supply and distribution facilities, the conditionsof the works identifying low energy efficiency, a detailedanalysis of the efficiency tests performed to pumps of theWater Utilities in these cities, an energy usage assessmentincluding the performance indicators, and investmentrecommendations and a dissemination program incorporatingfinal recommendations to reduce energy consumption by thecities water systems.