This report on measuring poverty usinghousehold consumption summarizes the work undertaken as partof the Brazil Poverty Measurement Study (BRAPOV) thatsupported a program of analytical work and technical supportvia an in-depth assessment of the measurement of poverty andinequality in Brazil. The survey not only presented anopportunity for in-depth analysis, but also forcollaboration between the World Bank and partners in Brazil.Emphasis thus was placed also on process as a key input forimpact, while at the same time balancing this objective withthe need to deliver quality and timely analytical work.Specifically, the analysis in this report builds on earlierstudies on the methodologies for constructing consistentpoverty profiles and poverty lines (e.g. Bidani andRavallion, 1994, Ravallion, 1998 and Kakwani, 2003) and onthe measurement of poverty in Brazil in order to constructpoverty lines for the different regions of Brazil; detailedspatial price indices to capture spatial variation in thecost of living; an updated poverty profile; and micro-areamaps of poverty and inequality for Brazil.