科技报告详细信息
Local Governance in Industrial Countries
Shah, Anwar
Washington, DC:World Bank
关键词: ACCOUNTABILITY;    ACCOUNTABILITY IN GOVERNANCE;    ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES;    AUTONOMY;    BLOCK GRANTS;   
DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-6328-7
RP-ID  :  36809
学科分类:社会科学、人文和艺术(综合)
来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
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【 摘 要 】

Local government refers to specificinstitutions or entities created by national constitutions(Brazil, Denmark, France, India, Italy, Japan, Sweden), bystate constitutions (Australia, the United States), byordinary legislation of a higher level of central government(New Zealand, the United Kingdom, most countries), byprovincial or state legislation (Canada, Pakistan), or byexecutive order (China) to deliver a range of specifiedservices to a relatively small geographically delineatedarea. Local governance is a broader concept and is definedas the formulation and execution of collective action at thelocal level. Thus, it encompasses the direct and indirectroles of formal institutions of local government andgovernment hierarchies, as well as the roles of informalnorms, networks, community organizations, and neighborhoodassociations in pursuing collective action by defining theframework for citizen-citizen and citizen-stateinteractions, collective decision making, and delivery oflocal public services.

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