The issue of administering thedistribution of oil rents is the subject of increased debateamong oil companies, civil society, development agencies,and governments, which tacit agreement suggests that regionswhere oil and gas production takes place, in particular thecommunities, ought to receive "indemnifications"due to damages, and losses derived from the use of land foroil production operations. Such debate sparked the need foran analysis in the context of the tripartite dialogues ofthe Population, Energy and Environment Program (PEA), ajoint initiative by the Bank, and the Latin AmericanOrganization for Energy (OLADE). This study presents PEAscomparative analysis of oil rent distribution in Bolivia,Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, reviews the collection of rentsas it relates to taxation of revenues derived from oil, andgas operations, and, examines the distribution, anddisbursement of rents, giving special emphasis on theevaluation of the share of revenues, that could directlybenefit the indigenous peoples. Recommendations suggest thedevelopment of a tax mechanism that distributes revenuesequitably among governments, investors, and social groups,in the context of strong institutional capacity ofgovernment agencies, in order to absorb economic change, andensure the efficient investment of revenues; but, takinginto account the fact that while increased hydrocarbonexports does generate the valuation of exchange rates,building pressure on costs, and prices of national goods,such exports will in turn decrease the level ofcompetitiveness of national goods, harming diversity, aswell as the balance of the domestic economy.
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