Trade Policy Reform and Poverty Alleviation

Hoekman, Bernard ; Michalopoulos, Constantine ; Schiff, Maurice ; Tarr, David

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ADJUSTMENT POLICIES;    ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES;    AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES;    AGRICULTURE;    ANTI- EXPORT BIAS;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-2733
RP-ID  :  WPS2733

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

In this paper, developed as part of theWorld Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Sourcebook, theauthors examine how to implement trade liberalization aspart of a strategy for alleviating poverty in developingcountries. They discuss trade policy instruments,institutions, complementary policies, sector issues,adjustment policies, and safety nets in an integratedapproach to trade policy as a tool for poverty alleviation.The authors examine the patterns or models of trade policythat have been successful in alleviating poverty. Theydiscuss the role of tariffs, nontariff barriers, contingentprotection (such as safeguards and antidumping), specialimport regimes (such as duty drawback), export taxes, exportsubsidies, and trade-related institutions (such asstandards, marketing, export finance, customs clearance, andregional trade arrangements). The authors also discusspolicies that complement successful trade reform, includingmacroeconomic stability, a competitive exchange rate,flexible labor markets, competitive product markets, andpolicies that do not discriminate against foreigners ininvestment. They suggest approaches to policies andinstitutions in services and agriculture, key sectors inpoverty reduction. They explain the roles of retraining andsafety nets in dealing with the adjustment costs of tradeliberalization. Finally, the authors elaborate guidelinesfor implementing trade reform and explain tools forassessing whether trade reform will help or harm the poor inparticular sectors in the short run.