These proceedings provide an overview ofthe main issues and conclusions presented at the 2009Fontainebleau knowledge economy forum by an outstandinggroup of academics, practitioners, and policymakers. Theseproceedings encapsulate the debate that was generated by: 1)the World Bank's most recent Europe and Central AsiaKnowledge Economy (ECAKE) third report: restructuring ofresearch and development institutes across the Europe andCentral Asia (ECA) Region, which was put up forconsultations with the forum's participants; 2) theproceedings reflect the discussion on the higher educationreform across the ECA region, specifically the merits andchallenges associated with world-class universities and thecapacity of ECA's Higher Education Institution's(HEIs) to foster skills and job growth; and 3) the need foradoption of a stronger national Quality Infrastructure (QI)in countries across the ECA region as a key ingredient ofmore effective commercialization of research output, productdevelopment, and exports. The study builds on the extensiveliterature on enterprise restructuring and privatization inECA on the one hand, and on the evidence from the Researchand Development Institute (RDI) statistics and case studieson the other, to strategy for reform of RDIs.