The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Studyevaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications onrefiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce thelevels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducinghuman exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. Thehealth study estimates the health impacts and associatedmonetary benefits associated with the proposed improvementsin fuel quality. The estimated monetary benefits will becompared to the costs to the refining industry associatedwith a change in fuel specifications, by region, aspresented in Volume II,the Refinery Study