This regional study takes twelveoil-importing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and asks thefollowing two questions: does each stage in the supplychain, from import of crude oil or refined products toretail, seem to be efficiently run and are the efficiencygains passed on to end-users? And if not, what are thepotential causes and possible means of remedying theproblems? The study focuses on Burkina Faso, Coted'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, and Senegal in West Africa andBotswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania,and Uganda in East and Southern Africa, covering a widerange of conditions that affect price levels, such as themarket size, geography (whether landlocked or coastal),existence of domestic refineries, degree of sectorliberalization including pricing, and level of economic development.