This study responds to the need forinformation and analysis on the urban sector in South Sudan,to inform the Bank's policy dialogue with theGovernment of the Republic of South Sudan (GoSS) on urbanand local government issues, and to inform the design offuture Bank assistance. The first phase of this analyticalexercise, which is the focus of this report, develops anoverview of the urban landscape. A second phase of thisanalytical work is planned, that will build on the findingsemerging from this first phase. The report is structured asfollows: section two describes the evolution of the spatialsystem in South Sudan and highlights key urbanizationpatterns and trends; section three provides an overview ofthe legal, institutional and financial composition of SouthSudan's urban areas; and section four outlines the keypolicy issues and recommendations. The report also draws onan in-depth case study of Juba, which is included as anannex to the report.