South Sudan is a new country of 10.5million people that has just emerged from conflict and stillfacing challenges with recovery and development.Althougheconomic disparities, political exclusion and deprivation inthe distribution of political and economic power between thenorthern and southern parts of then united Sudan were oftentendered as the proximal causes of the conflict, at thecenter of the prolonged civil war was the struggle forownership, control and use of land resources.The toolunderpinning this report is the Land Governance AssessmentFramework (LGAF), a diagnostic instrument for rapidevaluation of various aspects of land governance.LGAF wasdeveloped through a collaborative effort between the WorldBank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UN Habitat,International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD), theInternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and theAfrican Union (AU).