This volume reports the main findingsfrom a multi-country research project that was designed todevelop a better understanding of how rural water supplysystems are performing in developing countries. The authorbegan the research in 2004 to investigate how the provisionof support to communities after the construction of a ruralwater supply project affected project performance in themedium term. The author collected information fromhouseholds, village water committees, focus groups ofvillage residents, system operators, and key informants in400 rural communities in Bolivia, Ghana, and Peru; in total,the author discussed community water supply issues withapproximately 10,000 individuals in these communities. Tothe surprise, the author found the great majority of thevillage water systems were performing well. The findings onthe factors influencing their sustainability will be of useto policy makers, investors, and managers in rural water supply.