Water projects in developing countriesare inaugurated with great fanfare by the governments,lenders, and sponsors that make them possible; theprojects' results, however, don't always receivethe publicity of groundbreaking ceremonies. This studyreports the findings of a multi-country research projectintended to discover how such rural water supply (RWS)systems actually perform. Its emphasis was on howperformance was affected by post-construction support (PCS)to communities after project completion. Information wascollected from households, village water committees (VWCs),focus groups of residents, system operators, and keyinformants in rural communities in Bolivia, Ghana, and Peru.Approximately 10,000 individuals registered their opinions.The great majority of the systems were found to beperforming well; the factors influencing theirsustainability should help policy makers, investors, andmanagers around the globe who plan rural water systems.