This Transport Note has been prepared asan adjunct to the 2006-07 updating of the World Bank'sRailways Databases (www.worldbank.org/railways). It uses thedatabases for inferences on aggregate trends (and so subjectto the caveats provided in the Explanatory Note cited) aswell as other Bank documents and sources of policyinformation. It provides a high level view of traffic andpolicy developments. Particular emphasis is given to theBank's six regions of operations at a time when theBank's Transport Strategy is being updated with theintention of increasing the attention given to the role ofrailways in development. For completeness, important policydevelopments in the higher income countries are also summarized.