In a bold effort to achieve UniversalPrimary Education (UPE) by 2000, the Government of Ugandadecided in 1996 to remove primary school fees for up to fourchildren in each family (of whom two should be girls). TheWorld Bank supported this effort through an Education SectorAdjustment Credit and Grant (ESAC). The ESAC was designed toassist the government deal with the immediate challengesarising from the UPE policy. The broad development objectiveof ESAC was to ensure that the public resources needed tosustain UPE were available and that there was improvedallocation and more efficient use of these resources. Inaddition and critically for the Bank the operation wasdesigned to enhance the availability of quality inputs andimprove overall sector management.