Birmingham’s light-emitting diode (LED)street lighting project is a small but integral component ofa larger, innovative public-private infrastructuremodernization effort - the Birmingham Highway Maintenanceand Management Private Financing Initiative (HMMPFI) whichthe Birmingham City Council (BCC) signed with Amey plc onJune 7, 2010. The modernization is being done under the PFIframework, which was created by the United Kingdom (UK)government to increase the availability of private financingfor capital projects, and to transfer risk to the privatesector through joint ventures and leasing agreements. Thegovernment has established a clear framework and toolsaround the PFI in England, including a standard formcontract (the Standardization of PFI contract, or SoPC) thatis mandatory for public sector use when creating PFIcontracts. In the case of Birmingham, the private and publicsectors came together in a partnership using private moneyto fund construction upgrades of the city’s infrastructuresystem according to set specifications. The partnership alsoincluded maintenance of the infrastructure for the remainderof the contract. Other entities, such as utilities, continueto have access to the asset to maintain their specificinfrastructure within the public private partnership (PPP).