The context in Ontario was encouragingfor light-emitting diode (LED) programs at federal,provincial, and municipal levels. At the federal level,there were a number of incentive programs funded by thefederal gas tax that municipalities tapped into formunicipal energy efficiency retrofits and upgrades. Thefederal gas tax and a yearly transfer from the Government ofCanada to each municipality based on population; it is anenvironmental measure aimed at reducing greenhouse gases.Independent electricity system operator (IESO) has acomprehensive master plan with ambitious energy efficiencygoals, implemented with both environmental and economicrationales in mind. IESO’s conservation first framework,developed in 2014, maps out Ontario’s energy conservationgoals from 2014 to 2020, emphasizing a coordinated effortwithin all stages of energy planning, as well as moreeffective teamwork among sector partners, particularly insupport of local distribution companies (LDCs). The globaladjustment mechanism fund covers various initiatives,including the province’s energy conservation and demandmanagement programs. As part of this commitment to energyconservation, IESO provides very significant fiscalincentives of up to 30 percent for energy efficiency in theform of energy efficiency infrastructure rebates through aprogram called save on energy. It is possible that IESO willlower the amount of the outdoor lighting incentive, as it isknown, to reflect the growing cost-competitiveness of LEDsin the market without incentives.