Forest-Smart Mining : Offset Case Studies

Johnson, Sally ; Howell, John

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT;    CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY;    ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION;    BIODIVERSITY;    ENVIRONMENTAL OFFSET;   

RP-ID  :  137713

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Despite its relatively modest footprint,mining is an important driver of deforestation anddegradation in tropical forests, often as a result ofindirect impacts from associated infrastructure, unplanneddevelopment, and in-migration. The World Bank program onextractive industries in forest landscapes aims to ensurethat this sector does not erode forest capital, but ratherenables client countries and the World Bank Group to makebetter-informed decisions about minimizing trade-offs andmaximizing benefits from forest-smart mining. This documentpresents five detailed case studies: (1) ArcelorMittal’siron ore project in Liberia, (2) Newmont’s Akyem project inGhana, (3) Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinée and GuineaAlumina Corporation’s bauxite projects in Guinea, (4)wildlife works’ carbon offset project in Kenya, and (5)Aston Coal’s Maules Creek coal mine in Australia. Together,they highlight the spectrum of challenges faced by thoseaiming to implement enduring offsets. The selection ofstudies was based on their different types of forestlandscapes, inclusion of World Bank Group projects, varietyof minerals, and availability of data, which constrained thegeographical spread of case studies. Section one givesintroduction. Section two presents the key lessons learned.The detailed case studies are presented in sections three toseven. Section eight summarizes some practical challengesthat may undermine the successful implementation of offsets.Finally, section nine offers some concluding observations.